Digestive System

Question 1

The abdomen is composed of the ___ and _____.

Answer 1

abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 2

9 anatomic regions:

Answer 2

1. Right hypochondriac
2. Epigastric
3. Left hypochondriac
4. Right lumbar
5. Umbilical
6. Left lumbar
7. Right iliac
8. Hypogastric
9. Left iliac

Question 3

Four Quadrants:

Answer 3

● Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
● Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
● Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
● Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Question 4

• A serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Answer 4

Peritoneum

Question 5

Two types of Peritoneum

Answer 5

Visceral
Parietal

Question 6

The serous lining attached to the abdominal organs is the ___.

Answer 6

Visceral peritoneum

Question 7

The peritoneum attached directly to the abdominal wall is the ____.

Answer 7

parietal peritoneum

Question 8

• A double fold of peritoneum that attaches the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall.

Answer 8

Mesentery

Question 9

• It is a large, fold of peritoneum that attaches to the duodenum, stomach and transverse colon.

Answer 9

Greater Omentum

Question 10

• It is a fold of peritoneum that attaches to the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the duodenum.

Answer 10

Lesser Omentum

Question 11

It serves to digest and absorb food

Answer 11

Aliementary tract

Question 12

Alimentary Tract:

Answer 12

● Mouth
● Pharynx
● Esophagus
● Stomach
● Small intestine
● Large intestine
● Rectum
● Anus

Question 13

refers to the closure of tubular organ

Answer 13

Atresia

Question 14

It is a rare congenital anomaly where the esophagus fails to develop at some point,
resulting in discontinuation of growth caused by cell dierentiation of trachea and
esophagus during 4th to 6th embryonic period

Answer 14

Esophageal Atresia

Question 15

Esophageal Atresia 5 types

Answer 15

Type A-E

Question 16

• Esophageal Atresia with no
  Tracheoesophageal Fistula (80%)

Answer 16

Type A

Question 17

• Esophageal Atresia with Proximal
  TEF (1%)

Answer 17

Type B

Question 18

• Esophageal Atresia with Distal TEF
  (85%)

Answer 18

Type C

Question 19

• Esophageal Atresia with Proximal
  and Distal TEF (1%)

Answer 19

Type D

Question 20

Tracheoesophageal Fistula with no Esophageal Atresia (8%)

Answer 20

TypeE

Question 21

A congenital anomaly where the pyloric canal leading out of the stomach is greatly narrowed.

Answer 21

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Question 22

It is a common indicator for surgery in infants

Answer 22

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Question 23

It is more frequent in whites, typically first-born male children

Answer 23

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Question 24

• cutting the thickened muscle to relieve obstruction

Answer 24

Pyloromyotomy

Question 25

Also known as Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon

Answer 25

Hirschsprung’s Disease

Question 26

Refers to the absence of neurons in the bowel wall, typically in the sigmoid colon.

Answer 26

Hirschsprung’s Disease

Question 27

- 1 in 1,500 births - It is a familial disease that primarily aects men

Answer 27

Hirschsprung’s Disease

Question 28

- It is congenital condition where intestines do not rotate or position correctly in the abdomen during fetal development between the 6th and 12th weeks of gestation.

Answer 28

Bowel Malrotation

Question 29

- Can lead to potential complication, including obstruction (blockage) and volvulus, which is a twisting of the intestines.

Answer 29

Bowel Malrotation

Question 30

- Also known as Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy or Celiac disease

Answer 30

Celiac Sprue

Question 31

is a long-term autoimmune hereditary disorder, primarily aecting the small intestine

Answer 31

Celiac sprue

Question 32

Involving increased sensitivity to the gliadin fraction of gluten, an agent found in wheat, barley, and rye products such as bread, which interferes with normal digestion and absorption of food through the small bowel.

Answer 32

Celiac Sprue

Question 33

or GERD is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications

Answer 33

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 34

Results from an incompetent cardiac sphincter, which allows the backward flow of gastric acid and contents into the esophagus.

Answer 34

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 35

It is an open sore that form on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus due to the erosion.

Answer 35

Peptic Ulcer

Question 36

Peptic Ulcer 3 types:

Answer 36

Gastric Ulcer Duodenal Ulcer Esophageal Ulcer

Question 37

an ulcer that occurs in the stomach

Answer 37

Gastric ulcer

Question 38

An ulcer that occurs in the first part of the small intestine.

Answer 38

Duodenal ulcer

Question 39

an ulcer that occurs in esophageal mucosa

Answer 39

Esophageal ulcer

Question 40

is characterized by an unregulated immune response to various agents, such as food or environmental factors.

Answer 40

Crohn's disease (CD)

Question 41

This immune response leads to inflammation of the crypt cells in the intestinal lining, resulting in abscesses and small ulcers.

Answer 41

Crohn’s Disease

Question 42

an inflammation of the appendix, a small, finger-shaped pouch connected to the large intestine.

Answer 42

Appendicitis

Question 43

a medical emergency that typically requires prompt surgical removal of the appendix to prevent serious complications.

Answer 43

Appendicitis

Question 44

- Also known as colorectal cancer when it aects both the colon and rectum, is a common and potentially lethal disease, - Arises from the uncontrolled growth of cells in the colon or rectum and can spread to other parts of the body.

Answer 44

Colon Cancer