Distributes air for the gas exchange with the circulatory system
Respiratory System
The space enclosed by the pleura, which is a thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity.
Pleural Cavity
A ____ is a serous membrane that folds back on itself to form a two-layered membranous pleural sac.
pleura
The outer layer of pleural cavity is called the ____ and attaches to the chest wall.
parietal pleura
The inner layer of pleural cavity is called the _____ and covers the lungs, blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi.
visceral pleura
The _____ is a large compartment in the thoracic chest that contains vital structures such as the heart and its major blood vessels, as well as the esophagus, trachea, and additional important structures.
mediastinum
- low oxygen levels
Hypoxemia
- failure of ventilation resulting in the inability of air into and out of the lungs
Hypercapnia
- Autosomal recessive gene a ecting exocrine glands
- Chromosome 7q and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene
Cystic Fibrosis
- Most common lethal genetic disease for white children
Cystic Fibrosis
- Respiratory disease syndrome (RSD)
- Premature infants
- Deficiency of surfactant
- Clinical presentation
- Radiographic appearance
- Treatment and prognosis
Hyaline Membrane Disease
- Most frequent type of lung infection
- 8th leading cause of death in the United States and most common lethal nosocomial infection
Pneumonias
- Most common bacterial pneumonia
- Generally preceded by upper respiratory infection
Pneumococcal (lobar) pneumonia
- Sporadically except for influenza outbreaks
- Pneumatocele
Staphylococcal pneumonia
- Legionella pneumonia
Legionnaire’s Disease
- Caused by mycoplasms
- Characteristics of both bacteria and viruses but classified as bacteria-like
Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Chemical Pneumonia
- Caused by acid vomitus in lower
respiratory tract - Radiographic appearance
- Treatment
Aspiration pneumonia
- Most commonly caused by influenza
- More common than bacterial but less severe
- Diagnosis based on clinical findings and serologic tests
- Symptoms
- Treatment
Viral (interstitial) pneumonia
Increased bronchovascular
markings
Bronchiectasis
is a permanent, abnormal dilata- tion of one or more large bronchi as a result of destruction of the elastic and muscular compo- nents of the bronchial wall.
Bronchiectasis
is an infection caused by inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Alveoli become distended from loss of elasticity
Emphysema
Inhalation of foreign dust particles
Pneumoconioses (occupational lung disease)
Necrotic lung tissue surrounded by inflammatory debris
Lung abscess
