digestive system

Question 1

chylomicrons

Answer 1

lipid protein particles
much larger than micelles
too large to enter blood capillaries directly so go through the lymphatic system through capillaries called lacteals

Question 2

small intestine epithelial

Answer 2

simple columnar epithelium

Question 3

brush border enzymes

Answer 3

certain digestive enzymes attached to the surface of microvilli
to complete digestion of nutrients before absorption

Question 4

bicarbonate

Answer 4

pancreatic juice that neutralizes stomach acid that goes into small intestine

Question 5

insulin promotes to store glucose in

Answer 5

liver muscle fat tissue

Question 6

glucagon

Answer 6

raises blood glucose levels

Question 7

antagonistic hormones

Answer 7

produce opposite effects to mantsin homeostasis like insulin and glucagon

Question 8

pancreases

Answer 8

releases sub into duodenum through pancreatic duct
weights 4-5 pounds

Question 9

liver and its lobes

Answer 9

primary function is to produce bile
right lobe
left lobe
quadrate lobe
caudate lobe

Question 10

each liver lobe contains

Answer 10

central vein
hepatocytes(liver cells)
sinusoids (special capillaries)

Question 11

when red blood cells break down

Answer 11

hemoglobin ir released liver processes it and produces bile pigments

Question 12

purpose of bile

Answer 12

emulsifies fat
this is not digestion only inc surface area

Question 13

all nutrients absorbed by the digestive tract (except lipids) go through what order

Answer 13

digestive organs
hepatic portal vein
liver
hepatic vein
inferior vena cava

Question 14

other functions the liver does

Answer 14

detoxification center:
regulating blood glucose
storing glycogen
converting nutrients
produce plasma proteins
removing toxins

Question 15

sinusoids

Answer 15

discontinuous capillaries
Large openings between cells contacts hepatocytes directly
allows rapid exchange of minerals

Question 16

hepatocytes

Answer 16

main functional cells for the liver

Question 17

structure of the large intestine

Answer 17

cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal

Question 18

Haustra

Answer 18

the colon contains pouch-like segments called haustra
give colon segmented appearance

Question 19

taeniae coli

Answer 19

colon also contains 3 longitudinal muscle bands called taeniae coli
-ribbon like bands
- cause the colon to form haustra

Question 20

reabsorption

Answer 20

reclaiming sub already secreted into digestive tract
saliva, mucus, gastric juices, pancreatic secretions
bile

Question 21

mass peristalsis

Answer 21

unlike the small intestine the colon can’t move contents continuously
-occurs about 3 times per day
usually after meals
-moves feces toward rectum

Question 22

anal sphincters

Answer 22

internal anal sphincter; smooth muscle and involuntary
external anal sphincter; skeletal muscle and voluntary