respiratory system

Question 1

purpose of resp system

Answer 1

Gas exchange
voice projection
olfaction
Blood Ph balance

Question 2

minor roles in this system

Answer 2

temperature regulation
fluid regulation: the air we breath is humidified
protection of pathogens

Question 3

conchae

Answer 3

warm the air making cilia more effective and so its not hard to breath

Question 4

paranasal sinuses

Answer 4

frontal sinuses
maxillary sinuses
sphenoidal sinuses

Question 5

pressure equalization

Answer 5

Atmospheric pressure in the pharynx/ nasal cavity should match the pressure in the middle ear, preventing the tympanic membrane from bursting

Question 6

larynx functions

Answer 6

sound production
protects the resp tract with epiglottis: during swallowing larynx moves up, epiglottis folds back, covering tracheal opening
Valsalva maneuver: inc pressure in thoracic cavity

Question 7

trachea

Answer 7

Composed of 10-15 C-shaped rings of cartilage to keep airway open and prevent collapse

Question 8

trachealis muscle

Answer 8

Open part of cartilage ring is closed by trachealis muscle it allows flexibility and lets the esophagus expand when swallowing food

Question 9

respiratory epithilum

Answer 9

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
contains cilia and goblet cells

Question 10

cilia and goblet cells

Answer 10

goblet: secretes mucus traps dust, microbes, and particles
cilia: moves mucus

Question 11

carina

Answer 11

Cartilage structure at the bottom of the trachea point where trachea divides into two bronchi

Question 12

branchioles

Answer 12

Are small airway branches different from bronchi
Has less cartilage
More smooth muscle
eventually cartilage disappears completely

Question 13

terminal bronchioles

Answer 13

last part of conducting airway
-no cartilage
-last location containing goblet cells so lungs don’t get clogged

Question 14

respiratory bronchioles

Answer 14

small airways that lead directly to aveoli
beginning of resp airway or zone

Question 15

alveolar cells

Answer 15

type 1 pneumocytes: 95% alveolar surface area
thin cells that allow rapid gas exchange

type 2 pneumocytes: smaller but more numerous and produce surfactant

surfactant: reduces surface tension in alveoli so breathing it easy

Question 16

why surfactant tension occurs

Answer 16

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds that cause to pull towards each other This would normally cause alveoli to collapse

Question 17

alveolar microphages

Answer 17

also called dust cells
Provide immune defense by performing phagocytosis they eat bacteria remove debris and clean alveoli
once done they migrate up and are removed by ciliary elevator