DNA

Question 1

Where is most DNA found in a cell

Answer 1

In the nucleus

Question 2

Besides the nucleus where else is a small amount of DNA found

Answer 2

In the mitochondria

Question 3

What type of molecule is DNA

Answer 3

A polymer of repeating units called nucleotides

Question 4

What are the three parts of a nucleotide

Answer 4

A phosphate group a sugar molecule and a nitrogen base

Question 5

In DNA how are nucleotides linked together

Answer 5

The sugar of one nucleotide binds to the phosphate group of the next forming a sugar phosphate backbone

Question 6

Which nitrogen base pairs with adenine A in DNA

Answer 6

Thymine T

Question 7

Which nitrogen base pairs with cytosine C in DNA

Answer 7

Guanine G

Question 8

What type of bonds hold nitrogen base pairs together

Answer 8

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 9

What are DNA molecules wrapped around to fit inside cells

Answer 9

Histone proteins

Question 10

What is DNA called when wrapped around histones

Answer 10

A nucleosome

Question 11

What form does DNA take in non dividing cells

Answer 11

Chromatin a tangled network

Question 12

What form does DNA take in dividing cells

Answer 12

Chromosomes tightly coiled

Question 13

What is a karyotype

Answer 13

A profile of a persons chromosomes

Question 14

How many chromosome pairs are in a human karyotype

Answer 14

23 pairs

Question 15

Which chromosome pair determines sex

Answer 15

The 23rd pair XX or XY

Question 16

What is a gene

Answer 16

A section of DNA containing the genetic code for a cells structure and activities

Question 17

What is the unit of heredity

Answer 17

A gene

Question 18

What shape is mitochondrial DNA

Answer 18

Small circular molecules

Question 19

Is mitochondrial DNA bound to proteins

Answer 19

No

Question 20

How many molecules of mitochondrial DNA are in each mitochondrion

Answer 20

5-10

Question 21

How many genes does mitochondrial DNA have

Answer 21

37 genes

Question 22

How many mitochondrial genes code for tRNA

Answer 22

24 genes

Question 23

What do the other 13 mitochondrial genes code for

Answer 23

Enzymes used in cellular respiration

Question 24

When does DNA replication occur

Answer 24

During interphase when the cell is not dividing

Question 25

What enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA bases

Answer 25

Helicase

Question 26

What marks the starting point for DNA polymerase during replication

Answer 26

A small RNA primer

Question 27

What enzyme adds complementary nucleotides during DNA replication

Answer 27

DNA polymerase

Question 28

What enzyme glues DNA sections together during replication

Answer 28

DNA ligase

Question 29

How many strands does RNA have

Answer 29

One

Question 30

Which nitrogen base replaces thymine in RNA

Answer 30

Uracil U

Question 31

Which sugar does RNA contain

Answer 31

Ribose sugar

Question 32

What is the function of messenger RNA mRNA

Answer 32

Carries genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for ribosomes to read

Question 33

What is the function of ribosomal RNA rRNA

Answer 33

Aligns tRNA mRNA and ribosomes during translation and helps form peptide bonds

Question 34

What is the function of transfer RNA tRNA

Answer 34

Carries amino acids to ribosomes