Economic developments

Question 1

How much did railway increase by

Answer 1

It doubled

Question 2

How much was Russia’s coal output increase by

Answer 2

183 million puds 1890 to 671 million puds in 1900

Question 3

What is a pud

Answer 3

Russian measure of weight

Question 4

How much did foreign investment increase by

Answer 4

1895 - 280 million roubles
1900 - 911 million roubles
1914 - 2000 million roubles

Question 5

What did Witte do to state manage industrial growth

Answer 5

Bring in skilled workers from overseas

Question 6

What did Witte do with currency to encourage foreign confidence and investment

Answer 6

Introduced a new rouble which was backed by Value of gold in Jan 1897

Question 7

Negatives of Witte introducing a new currency

Answer 7

Foreign investment declined in 1900s - Russian businessmen expanded businesses and found new ones
HOWEVER
State involvement remained an essential feature up to 1914

Question 8

What was the capital used for

Answer 8

To fund public works
Develop Russia’s infrastructure - railways, telegraph lines and electrical plants
Develop mines, oilfields and forests for timber

Question 9

How much railway did the state control

Answer 9

70% by 1900s

Question 10

How much of Russia’s extraction of metal production did State buy

Answer 10

2/3rds

Question 11

How much income did the government receive just from industrial investments

Answer 11

25%

Question 12

1905 Km of railway

Answer 12

59,616
66% state - owned

Question 13

Railways positives

Answer 13

Helped open up Russian interior
Allow more exploitation of Russia’s raw materials
Linked grain- growing areas to Black Sea ports
Developed iron and coal industries
Transport costs fell - lowered price of goods

Question 14

Russia’s railway in 1913

Answer 14

Second largest railway
62,200 km

Question 15

Trans - Siberian Railway

Answer 15

Crossed Russia from West to East
1891 - 1902
Ran from Vladivostok to Manchuria - 7000 km

Question 16

Trans - Siberian Railway benefits

Answer 16

Economic benefits - emigration and farming
Opened up Western Siberia

Question 17

Trans - Siberian Railway negatives

Answer 17

Promised more than it delivered

Question 18

What did Witte believe on industrial growth

Answer 18

Concentrating production in key areas and developing large factory units of big increases in heavy goods production could happen - LED TO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN 1914

Question 19

What region supplied the most coal in 1913

Answer 19

Donbas region

Question 20

How big was the Donbas region

Answer 20

23,300 square km

Question 21

How much did the donbas region supply (coal)

Answer 21

87%

Question 22

How much did the ironfields produce in donbas region by 1913

Answer 22

Krivoi Rog
Produced 74% of all Russian pig iron

Question 23

By 1914 where was Russia in terms of producing coal, pig iron and steel

Answer 23

FOURTH largest in the world

Question 24

How much did Russian oil increase by between 1885 and 1913

Answer 24

153 million puds - 570 million

Question 25

Where was Russia in terms of oil production

Answer 25

Second in world

Question 26

Where was Russia in terms of gold mining

Answer 26

FOURTH in world

Question 27

What overtook St Petersburg as an industrial centre

Answer 27

Moscow

Question 28

What are the Putilov Iron Works

Answer 28

Railway factory run by Nikolai Putilov in St Petersburg 1885 - company provided 1/4 of state orders for vehicles and rails 1891 - 1894 - company specialised in machinery, artillery and products made of high quality steel AND FORCE GREW BY 2000 1903 - Devoted itself to armament production - supporting Russia in 1st WW

Question 29

How much did factories increase by 1887 to 1908

Answer 29

30,888 to 38,856

Question 30

How much did number of factory workers increase by 1887 to 1908

Answer 30

1.3 million to 2.6 million

Question 31

How much did coal increase by from 1890 to 1910

Answer 31

5.9 million metric tons to 25.4 million metric tons

Question 32

How much did pig iron increase by

Answer 32

0.89 to 3.0 million metric tons 1890 - 1910

Question 33

How much did crude oil increase by

Answer 33

3.9 to 12.1 million metric tons 1890- 1910

Question 34

How much was Russia's industrial growth rate each year

Answer 34

8.5% from 1908 to 1913

Question 35

Where was Russia in terms of industrial power

Answer 35

5th largest in world

Question 36

Grain production in Russia

Answer 36

1900 56 to 90 million tons 1913

Question 37

Population of European Russia 1897 - 1913

Answer 37

93.4 million to 121.7 million

Question 38

Number of factories

Answer 38

22,600 1908 to 24,900 1914

Question 39

Oil production

Answer 39

16.1 to 35.4 million tons 1900 to 1913

Question 40

Comparative growth in national income 1894 - 1913

Answer 40

Russia - sixth - 50% Germany - 58% Britain - 70% Italy = 121%

Question 41

Foreign trade in 1913 in £ millions

Answer 41

Russia - fifth - 190 Germany - 1,030 Britain - 1,223

Question 42

What was farming like before 1906

Answer 42

Small scale Hands of former serfs and state peasants Tied to local mir by redemption dues Heavily taxed and exploited by State PROBLEM: Population grew but land did not

Question 43

Average holding of acres 1877 to 1905

Answer 43

35 acres to 28

Question 44

T OR F Agriculture was very modern in russian society

Answer 44

FALSE Traditional agriculture still occurred

Question 45

What did Stolypin think about Kulaks

Answer 45

He liked them - wanted to have more of them wanted to create an internal market for products of industry with them

Question 46

Name two traditional farming equipment

Answer 46

Solcha / wooden plough Medieval rotation systems

Question 47

What did Stolypin want

Answer 47

Wanted peasants to become permanent owners of land Each peasants land should be held in one piece rather than a collection scattered around Each peasant should be able to do as they wished without interference of Mir

Question 48

When did Stolypin's agricultural reforms begin

Answer 48

1903 BUT not until after 1905 began

Question 49

What was Stolypin's claim

Answer 49

20 years of peace for reforms to have effect

Question 50

How much did hereditary ownership of land increase by

Answer 50

20% 1905 to 50% 1915

Question 51

Grain production under Stolypin

Answer 51

56 million tons 190 to 90 million in 1914

Question 52

What was Russia in 1909

Answer 52

Leading cereal exporter

Question 53

What did Stolypins encouragement to emigration make

Answer 53

3.5 million peasants away from over- populated rural districts of south and west to SIBERIA

Question 54

When were redemption payments officially abolished

Answer 54

1907

Question 55

When are peasants given right to leave the commune

Answer 55

1906

Question 56

When was New Peasants Land Bank Established

Answer 56

1906

Question 57

What was the land organisation committee

Answer 57

Oversees changes of the state and crown land available for peasants to buy - 1906

Question 58

What was the land organisation commissions

Answer 58

Contained representatives elected by peasants to supervise peasant withdrawing land from commune and allow one scattered strip to one compact farm

Question 59

How many applications had been dealt with for consolidation and hereditary tenure of individual farms

Answer 59

1.3 out of 5 million by 1913

Question 60

How much land had been transferred from communal to private ownership

Answer 60

10% by 1914

Question 61

How many peasant holdings were still in traditional strips

Answer 61

90%

Question 62

Why did landowners not like Stolypin's reforms

Answer 62

Reluctant to give up land and difficulties of dividing common land brought legal battles

Question 63

How many achieved kulak status

Answer 63

Less than 1%

Question 64

How much of the land remained in hands of nobility

Answer 64

50%