EENT

Question 1

What aspect of the comprehensive eye examine is CI in a pt with acute angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 1

pupillary dilation

It may worsen the pupil block preventing the aqueous fluid from entering the anterior chamber.

Question 2

What am I? What is the management?

Answer 2

hyphema

Question 3

What are the different grades of hyphema?

Answer 3

Question 4

What is the Pulfrich phenomenon? What dx is it associated with?

Answer 4

Objects moving in a straight line appear to be moving in a curved trajectory.

This can occur in optic neuritis

Question 5

What eye condition is MS associated with?

Answer 5

optic neuritis

Question 6

Erythroplakia will come back on bx as _______

Answer 6

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 7

Retinal detachment occurs when the inner layers of the retina separate from which structure?

Answer 7

choroid

Question 8

High or low frequency hear loss is associated with presbycusis?

Answer 8

lose ability to hear HIGH frequency

Question 9

What dx?

Answer 9

Pterygium

because it crosses over the cornea

Question 10

What is the most common cause of chronic retropharyngeal abscesses?

Answer 10

tuberculosis

Question 11

retropharyngeal abscess is young children, what imaging?

Answer 11

CT scan with IV contrast

because a lateral neck xray is best taken during inspiration with the neck held in normal extension, which may be unreliable for the pediatric population

Question 12

What is the underlying cause of amaurosis fugax?

Answer 12

carotid artery disease

Question 13

At approximately what age do the Eustachian tubes reach adult orientation?

Answer 13

7 years old

Question 14

What structure of the ear contains auditory sensory receptors?

Answer 14

cochlea

Question 15

What is the most common cause of blindness in the world?

Answer 15

cataracts

Question 16

Which bacteria are most closely associated with dental caries?

Answer 16

streptococcus mutans

Question 17

What is the hallmark symptoms of cholesteatoma?

Answer 17

Painless otorrhea

Question 18

What are cholesteatomas composed of?

Answer 18

keratinized, desquamated collection of epithelial cells located in the middle ear.

Question 19

On which part of the ear are primary acquired cholesteatomas most likely to occur?

Answer 19

Pars flaccida.

Question 20

Which cranial nerve is most commonly involved in malignant otitis externa?

Answer 20

Cranial nerve VII

Question 21

hutchinson sign, what branch of what nerve is affected?

Answer 21

ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 22

What is the name of the glands that are superior to the tonsils in the soft palate?

Answer 22

Weber glands

Question 23

orbital floor fracture, what 2 structures are also likely to get damaged? What decreased ability will be present in the pt?

Answer 23

inferior rectus muscle entrapment -> inability to look up

infraorbital nerve -> decreased sensation over the right anteromedial cheek

Question 24

What should a pt with an orbital floor fracture NOT do?

Answer 24

do NOT blow their nose (or anything that increases pressure in the head)

Question 25

Chronic dry eye that has already tried and failed conservative measuring and eye lubricants. What is the next medication to rx?

Answer 25

cyclosporine eye drops

Question 26

What is a ranula? Describe the appearance. What is the tx?

Answer 26

a pseudocyst or mucocele that forms on the floor of the mouth. Ranulas can be congenital, occurring from an obstruction in a sublingual gland, or acquired, occurring after trauma to the oral cavity. This results in mucus from the sublingual gland being secreted into the tissues around the gland, forming the mass. Ranulas are painless, slow growing, thin walled, blue in color, and translucent. There is typically no neck mass or limitation in motion of the head or neck. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for a ranula.

Question 27

constant ottorhea or rhinorrhea that may be associated with a salty, metallic taste. What dx?

Answer 27

basilar skull fracture

Question 28

A 68-year-old patient presents with sudden onset of complete painless vision loss. Eye exam reveals a pale retina with a red circle. What dx?

Answer 28

central retinal artery occlusion cherry red spot

Question 29

What is the difference between dacryoadenitis and dacryocystitis?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is the MC pathogen for otitis-conjunctivitis syndrome?

Answer 30

nontypeable H influenzae

Question 31

What abx regimen is appropriate for epiglottis?

Answer 31

IV ceftriaxone and vanc

Question 32

What is the abx regimen for retropharyngeal abscess?

Answer 32

ampicillin-sulbactam alone OR ceftriaxone plus metronidazole

Question 33

Which of the following air-filled structures does the middle ear communicate with anteriorly?

Answer 33

Eustachian tubes

Question 34

What are the three auditory ossicles?

Answer 34

Malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 35

What is the correct passage of sound waves as they travel from the external auditory canal to the pons in the hearing conduction pathway?

Answer 35

TM, ossicle, oval window, cochlea, vestibulocohlear nerve

Question 36

unilateral, progressive tinnitus with sensorineural loss. What should you do next?

Answer 36

order MRI need to rule out acoustic neuroma

Question 37

What is another name for vestibular schwannoma?

Answer 37

acoustic neuroma

Question 38

What is the MC cause of peritonsillar abscess?

Answer 38

Group A strep strep pyogenes

Question 39

Presentation will have deep otalgia and a persistent, malodorous aural odor. Granulations will be seen in the canal. What dx? What pathogen?

Answer 39

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the typical organism responsible for necrotizing otitis externa

Question 40

What is a common complication of Bell's palsy?

Answer 40

keratitis

Question 41

left eye redness developing over the past day. She has mild tearing and reports no pain, change in vision, or discharge from the eye. Hx of RA? What dx?

Answer 41

Episcleritis

Question 42

What is the treatment of episcleritis?

Answer 42

lubricating eye drops

Question 43

What is the triad of symptoms associated with Meniere Disease?

Answer 43

episodic vertigo sensourieneural hearing loss tinnitus

Question 44

Which regards to timing, what is the difference between Meniere Dz and acute labyrinthitis?

Answer 44

acute labyrinthitis is generally a single episode that can last for DAYS rather than recurrent shorter episodes like in MD

Question 45

define lagophthalmos

Answer 45

incomplete or defective closure of the eyelid

Question 46

What are these spots called? What dx is it associated with?

Answer 46

Night blindness is usually the earliest symptom and may be accompanied by conjunctival dryness and the development of small, white patches on the conjunctivae known as Bitot spots.