Urology

Question 1

What is the MOA of finasteride?

Answer 1

By blocking the activity of this enzyme, finasteride reduces the conversion of testosterone into DHT, leading to lower levels of DHT in the body

Question 2

What drug class is finasteride?

Answer 2

5-alpha reductase inhibitors.

Question 3

What drug class is alfuzosin?

Answer 3

alpha-1 blockers

Question 4

What is the MOA of aluzosin?

Answer 4

relaxing the smooth muscles in the bladder neck and prostate, leading to improved urine flow and reduced symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 5

Which PDE-5 inhibitors has the longest duration of action?

Answer 5

tadalafil approx 24-72 hours

Question 6

What layer does the swelling that occurs with a hydrocele happen in?

Answer 6

tunica vaginalis

Question 7

When should thiazide diuretics be prescribed to patients with ureteral stones?

Answer 7

After recurrence of calcium oxalate urinary tract stones

Question 8

______ is the MC type of urinary incontinence in the older population

Answer 8

urge incontinence

Question 9

asymptomatic blood in urine, what is the most appropriate next step?

Answer 9

send urine for microscopy

Question 10

________ diagnostic test of choice to confirm the presence of a urethral injury in a patient with pelvic trauma

Answer 10

Retrograde urethrography

Question 11

Pt presents with varicocele, what secondary condition should you be concerned with?

Answer 11

Primary varicocele is usually idiopathic in nature. Secondary varicocele can occur due to abdominal mass compression of the renal veins (more common with right-sided varicocele) or superior mesenteric artery compression of the left renal vein (also called nutcracker syndrome), which is most commonly due to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and retroperitoneal fibrosis or adhesions.

aka think about evaluating their kidneys

Question 12

What is the most common type of prostate cancer?

Answer 12

adenocarcinoma

Question 13

What physical exam finding in a kidney stone presentation would indicate the need for an urgent urology consult?

Answer 13

fever and chills

and urinalysis findings concerning for urosepsis

Question 14

What is the way to make a definitive dx of testicular cancer?

Answer 14

radical inguinal orchiectomy

Testicular biopsy is not performed as part of the evaluation due to the concern that it may result in tumor seeding into the scrotal sac or metastatic spread of tumor into the inguinal nodes.

Question 15

What are common side effects of alpha-blockers?

Answer 15

floppy iris syndrome and orthostatic hypotension

Question 16

What is the most common cause of testicular torsion?

Answer 16

bell clapper deformity

Question 17

Which of the following is the most common cause of bladder calculi?

Answer 17

urinary stasis within the bladder

Question 18

What urologic emergency can be managed with the use of phenylephrine?

Answer 18

priapism

Question 19

What type of cell is the MC type of testicular cancer?

Answer 19

germ cell tumors

Question 20

testicular germ cell cancer is divided into what 2 categories? How can you tell them apart by lab results?

Answer 20

Nonseminoma and seminoma

nonseminoma testicular germ cell tumors typically cause elevation in beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein

while seminoma germ cell tumors only cause elevation in beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in 20% of patients. Alpha-fetoprotein is NOT elevated in seminoma germ cell tumors.