Electrolytes

Question 1

What are the components of a BMP

Answer 1

Question 2

Where are sodium and potassium in the cells

Answer 2

• sodium: extracellular
• potassium: intracellular

Question 3

Define osmotic activity

Answer 3

property of fluids based on solute particles that determines movement of water between compartments

Question 4

Define osmotic pressure

Answer 4

force that drives movement of fluid of water between different osmotic activity (low to high osmotic pressure movement)

Question 5

Define how fluid moves in hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic conditions

Answer 5

Question 6

What is the primary hormone that regulates the amount of water in our body

Answer 6

ADH

Question 7

What is the MC electrolyte abnormality among hospitalized patients

Answer 7

hyponatremia (WATER issue, not salt issue)

Question 8

What things can cause hypovolemia with hyponatremia

Answer 8

Question 9

What things can cause euvolemia with hyponatremia

Answer 9

Question 10

What things can cause hypervolemia and hyponatremia

Answer 10

Question 11

What can cause pseudohyponatremia (falsely low Na)

Answer 11

hyperglycemia - use a corrected calculation (MD Calc)

(some meds can also cause this)

Question 12

Describe the presentation of hyponatremia

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe the workup for hyponatremia

Answer 13

Question 14

what is serum osmolality determined by

Answer 14

the different solutes in the plasma (measured or calculated using BMP values)

Question 15

What PE findings can help determine volume status

Answer 15

• BP
• pulse
• skin turgor
• JVD
• edema

Question 16

What does urine osmolality measure

Answer 16

amount of solutes in the urine

• high urine concentration = high urine osmolality (SIADH) with HIGH ADH SECRETION
• low urine concentration = low urine osmolality (dilute) with LOW ADH SECRETION

Question 17

What does urine sodium help determine in hyponatremia

Answer 17

cause of hyponatremia

Question 18

Low urine sodium indicates…

Answer 18

extrarenal sodium loss

Question 19

High urine sodium indicates…

Answer 19

• renal loss (diuretics)
• SIADH & endocrine causes

Question 20

Describe the treatment for hyponatremia

Answer 20

Question 21

What can happen if you increase Na too quickly

Answer 21

osmotic demyelination syndrome

Question 22

Describe the etiology of hypernatremia

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe the presentation of hypernatremia

Answer 23

Question 24

Describe the treatment for hypernatremia

Answer 24

Question 25

Describe the etiology of hypokalemia

Answer 25

Question 26

Describe the presentation of hypokalemia

Answer 26

Question 27

Describe the diagnosis of hypokalemia

Answer 27

Question 28

Describe the treatment for hypokalemia

Answer 28

Question 29

Describe the etiology of hyperkalemia

Answer 29

Question 30

Describe the presentation of hyperkalemia

Answer 30

Question 31

Describe the diagnosis of hyperkalemia

Answer 31

Question 32

Describe the treatment of hyperkalemia

Answer 32