Endocrine System Test

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

A series of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream to help control your organs

Question 2

What are the 4 main parts of the Endocrine system?

Answer 2

• Glands
• Bloodstream
• Hormones
• Receptors

Question 3

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 3

-Releases hormones into the bloodstream to help -control your organs.
(Maintains homeostasis, growth and reproduction)

Question 4

What kinds of things do hormones regulate (in general)? 7

Answer 4

-Metabolism
-Growth
-Sexual function
-Sleep
-Mood
-Stress
-Injury

Question 5

How long does a hormone need to take effect and how long can the response last?

Answer 5

It is slow and long lasting can take minutes to a couple days for a cell to fully respond to a hormone.

Question 6

What is a steroid hormone made out of and can it pass through a cell membrane?

Answer 6

Lipids
Yes

Question 7

Where is the receptor of steroid hormones located?

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

Do steroid hormones rely on secondary messengers?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Can steroid hormones affect genes and produce dramatic changes?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What are amino acid hormones made out of, and can it pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 10

Proteins or modified amino acids
Generally no

Question 11

Where are the receptors of amino acid hormones located

Answer 11

Plasma membrane (outside of the cell)

Question 12

Do amino acid hormones rely on secondary messengers?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Can amino acid hormones affect genes and produce dramatic changes?

Answer 13

No (but the protein activated can)

Question 14

What is the role of the hypothalamus in maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 14

It turns on or off hormone secretion
(also links the nervous system to the endocrine system)

Question 15

What is a feedback mechanism?

Answer 15

It is a loop where a gland releases hormones, and the resulting change in the body sends a signal back to that gland, telling it to either stop producing more (negative feedback) or, rarely, to produce even more (positive feedback).

Question 16

How is a feedback mechanism like a thermostat?

Answer 16

It turns on our heating system to keep conditions near the set point. Once it reaches that point it temporarily stops heating.

Question 17

Remember T

Answer 17

Study all the hormones tables

Question 17

Remember E

Answer 17

Study essay Q and diagram

Question 18

What does the thyroid do? (3 main things)

Answer 18

Controls:
-Metabolism (Thyroxine)
-Growth, heart rate (Triodothyronine)
-Calcium levels (Calcitonin)

Question 19

What occurs when the thyroid is underactive?

Answer 19

Hypothyroidism
-Sluggish
-Weight gain
(caused by iodine deficiency)

Question 20

What occurs when the thyroid is overactive?

Answer 20

Hyperthyroidism
-Weight loss
-Increased heart rate
-Irritability
-Warm skin
-Tremors
-Restlessness
(Caused by autoimmune diseas, thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, cancer)

Question 21

What does the parathyroid gland produce?

Answer 21

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
(raises calcium levels in blood)

Question 22

What are the characteristics of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 22

-immune system cells attacking pancreas cells
-Not enough insulin produced by pancreas
-Treatment: injections/medication

Question 23

What are the characteristics of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 23

-Genetic or obesity
-Muscles and organs have insulin resistance
-Treatment: diet, excercise, medications

Question 24

How does diabetes relate to the endocrine system?

Answer 24

Typically when blood sugar is high the pancreas secretes insulin (a hormone) which lowers the blood sugar. When you have diabetes something in this process does not work.

Question 25

What is one disorder that an endocrinologist might treat?- describe it and common treatments

Answer 25

Could treat diabetes, which is when something goes wrong with insulin production or absorption. This can be treated depending on the type, but often a medication (injection) or diet.

Question 26

Study the case study

Answer 26

fr do it. It's a big portion of the test