ERYSIPELOTHRIX

Question 1

Other term for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Answer 1

Swine rotlauf bacillus

Question 2

Common disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Answer 2

Swine erysipelas in young pigs

Question 3

What are the disease forms of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

Answer 3

1. Diamond skin disease
2. Septicemia
3. Polyarthritis
4. Endocarditis
5. Abortion

Question 4

What do you call the skin lesions in human caused by E. rhusiopathiae?

Answer 4

Erysipeloid

Question 5

Give the morphology of E. rhusiopathiae.

Answer 5

• Gram (+) but easily decolorized and stain unevenly
• Rough forms exhibit long filaments
• No spores, no flagella
• Cell wall does not contain DL-diaminopimelic acid (differentiated
  from L. monocytogenes)

Question 6

On BAP, what discoloration does E. rhusiopathiae induces?

Answer 6

First a greenish discoloration and later a definite clearing

Question 7

Colonies of E. rhusiopathiae appear what form on serum or blood agar?

Answer 7

Tiny, clear, and glistening

Question 8

How many serotypes of E. rhusiopathiae are existing? What types are most commonly found in cases of septicemia and in tonsils?

Answer 8

22 serotypes; 1 and 2

Question 9

What is the protective antigen of E. rhusiopathiae?

Answer 9

Glycoprotein

Question 10

E. rhusiopathiae is common in areas with acidic soil. True or Fale?

Answer 10

False, alkaline

Question 11

E. rhusiopathiae is resistant to drying, smoking, pickling, and salting. True or False?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

E. rhusiopathiae is commonly caried in what body structures?

Answer 12

1. Tonsils
2. Reticuloendothelial tissue

Question 13

What are the predisposing factors of E. rhusiopathiae infection?

Answer 13

Excessive heat and humidity

Question 14

Give the route of infection of E. rhusiopathiae.

Answer 14

1. Oral
2. Skin scarification

Question 15

Give the form of E. rhusiopathiae with the given conditions:

• Deep red patches on skin particularly in ears, abdomen, inside
  of legs
• Spleen and lymph nodes enlarged and reddened
• Stomach and intestines inflamed, hemorrhagic
• Kidneys with ecchymotic hemorrhages
• High mortality

Answer 15

Acute

Question 16

Give the form of E. rhusiopathiae with the given conditions:

• Urticarial skin lesions -> red rhomboidal blotches in abdomen -
  > diamond-shaped (diamond skin disease) -> areas become
  necrotic _> dries into dense scabs and peel off -> bleeding if
  removed too soon

Answer 16

Less severe form

Question 17

Give the form of E. rhusiopathiae with the given conditions:

• Increased levels of SGOT and marked hypoglycemia
• Increased RBC destruction, decreased Hb and PCV
• Late stages spleen enlarged and pulpy
• Hemagglutinating activity
• Neuramidase associated with generalized coagulopathy -> thrombi
  in blood vessels, fibrin in joints, heart valves and muscles
• High fever due to endotoxin, a glycoprotein which produces shock effect

Answer 17

Severe septicemic phase

Question 18

Give the form of E. rhusiopathiae with the given conditions:

• Vegetative endocarditis -> mitral valves eroded and covered with
  fibrin deposits -> functioning seriously impaired

Answer 18

Chronic form

Question 19

Give the form of E. rhusiopathiae with the given conditions:

• Older animals, sequel to more acute forms of disease
• Joint enlarged and painful -> reluctant to move , gaits stilted, growth
  stunted
• Synovial lining hypertrophy with villous projections into joint space
• Erosion of cartilage, increase in synovial fluid with high neutrophil
  content
• As disease advances, organism difficult to isolate
• More severe in vaccinated swine and with autoantibodies
  (rheumatoid factor)

Answer 19

Arthritic form

Question 20

Give the diseases induced by E. rhusiopathiae in sheep.

Answer 20

1. Polyarthritis
   (route of entry: docking and castration)

Question 21

Give the diseases induced by E. rhusiopathiae in cattle.

Answer 21

1. Arthritis: tibio-tarsal, stifle, carpal joints

Question 22

Give the diseases induced by E. rhusiopathiae in birds.

Answer 22

1. Bluecomb, cyanotic skin
2. Droopy, develop diarrhea and die
3. Massive hemorrhage and petechiae in muscles of breast and legs

Question 23

Give the diseases induced by E. rhusiopathiae in lab animals

Answer 23

1. White mice highly susceptible (??)

Question 24

Give the diseases induced by E. rhusiopathiae in aquatic animals.

Answer 24

Crocodile, bottle nosed dolphins

Question 25

Give the immunization methods against E. rhusiopathiae.

Answer 25

* Protective immunity: serum and cell-mediated * Growth-agglutination test Wachstumsprobe test * First attenuated vaccine by Pasteur and Thiullier * EVA erysipelas vaccine avirulent -> attenuated vaccine * Killed vaccines

Question 26

Give the diagnoses of Erysipelas.

Answer 26

1. Bright and alert 2. Continue to eat 3. Not common 4. Spleen enlarged, bluish-red 5. Stomach highly inflamed, dark, bluish 6. Lymph node not congested 7. Ecchymoses

Question 27

Human erysipeloid and erysipelas is caused by what bacteria?

Answer 27

Hemolytic streptococci sp.