TAYLORELLA

Question 1

T. equigenitalis is formerly known as ?

Answer 1

Haemophilus equigenitalis

Question 2

T. equigenitalis causes what disease in swine?

Answer 2

Contagious equine metritis (CEM) - inflammation of uterus

Question 3

T. equigenitalis can be found in what body parts of equine?

Answer 3

1. Urethral fossa in males
2. Clitoral sinuses and fossa in females

Question 4

T. equigenitalis is transmitted by mare. True or False?

Answer 4

False, stallion.

Question 5

T. equigenitalis requires X but not V factor. True or False?

Answer 5

False, does not require both

Question 6

Describe the morphology and staining reactions of T. equigenitalis.

Answer 6

• T. equigenitalis: short, Gram-negative rod
• Frequently described as a coccobacillus
• Cultures from carrier mares have filaments 5-6 um long
• May stain in a bipolar fashion
• No flagella (Non-motile) or pili
• Has a thin thread-like capsule

Question 7

It takes how many days for T. equigenitalis to grow on chocolate agar?

Answer 7

2-5 days

Question 8

What are the requirements for T. equigenitalis incubation?

Answer 8

Incubate at 37 C and must be performed in 5% CO2 atmosphere

Question 9

Describe the T. equigenitalis depending on O2 requirement.

Answer 9

Facultative anaerobe; Excellent growth in an atmosphere of 90% H2 and 10% CO2

Question 10

Describe the colonies of T. equigenitalis.

Answer 10

Colonies are raised, shining, smooth, butyrous, gray pinpoints

Question 11

Prolonged incubation of T. equigenitalis may lead to ?

Answer 11

larger and more opaque colonies

Question 12

T. equigenitals grows well in what different mediums?

Answer 12

1. Brain-heart infusion
2. Thiol and cystine trypticase broths
3. Roberston’s cooked-meat medium

Question 13

T. equigenitalis is oxidase negative. True or False?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T. equigenitalis is catalase positive. True or False?

Answer 14

False, negative

Question 15

T. equigenitalis is phosphatase negative. True or False?

Answer 15

False, positive

Question 16

Some strains of T. equigenitalis respond to X factor. True or False?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Describe the antigens present in T. equigenitalis.

Answer 17

• 11 separate antigens, 2 of w/c located at cell surface
• Surface antigens made of polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide protein
• Surface protein binds equine IgG but uncharacterized
• Cattle and humans have serum antibodies to T. equigenitalis
  —- Occurence may reflect exposure to organisms with cross-reacting antigens, since organism has never been isolated from these hosts

Question 18

In infected horses, T. equigenitalis is carried as obligate parasite in?

Answer 18

• Stallions: urethral fossa & terminal fossa
• Mares: clitorial sinuses and fossa of mares

Question 19

T. equigenitalis infection can induce what clinical signs in mares?

Answer 19

Can develop profuse vulvar discharge with evidence of metritis, cervicitis, or vaginitis 2-12 days after being breeding with a carrier stallion

Question 20

Antibodies against T. equigenitalis can both be detected in mares and stallions. True or False?

Answer 20

False, only mares

Question 21

What is the main immunization method against T. equigenitalis in mares?

Answer 21

Humoral immunity

Question 22

_____ have been shown to reduce clinical severity of experimental infection.

Answer 22

Bacterins

Question 23

What are the diagnostic methods for T. equigenitalis?

Answer 23

• Presence of neutrophils in profuse exudate
  → produces pus
• For barren, maiden, or postparturient mares: collect swabs during estrus; swabs from uterus, cervix, clitoral fossa and sinus, and any discharge present
• For stallions: collect swab at urethral fossa, terminal urethra, prepuce, and from pre-ejaculatory fluid
• All swabs should be brought to the laboratory in Amie’s or Stuart’s transport media and must be shipped frozen or refrigerated
• Bacterial specimen must be plated out on chocolate agar or Eugonagar w/ atmosphere of 5% CO2

Question 24

Colonies of T. equigenitalis are usually visible by ___ or ___ day of incubation

Answer 24

2nd or 3rd day

Question 25

Plates should be regularly examined for ____ days since the organism is very slow-growing.

Answer 25

7-10 days

Question 26

T. equigenitalis is sensitive to wide range of antimicrobial agents including?

Answer 26

* Penicillin * Ampicillin * Neomycin * Chloramphenicol * Nitrofurazone * Gentamicin * Tetracycline * Chlorhexidine

Question 27

_______ has shown to be very effective in treating and bacteriological cure of naturally occurring cases of CEM.

Answer 27

Cefotaxime