What triggered the Syrian Refugee Crisis (2011–present)?
Civil war after protests against Assad escalated into armed conflict; millions fled due to violence and chemical attacks.
How did the UNSC respond to Syria?
Divided — Russia and China vetoed stronger interventions, blocking collective security.
What triggered the Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar (2017)?
Military crackdown in Rakhine State after insurgent attacks; widespread ethnic cleansing of Rohingya Muslims.
What was the humanitarian impact of the Rohingya Crisis?
750,000 fled to Bangladesh, statelessness, overcrowded camps, mass atrocities.
What triggered the Sudan Civil War (2023)?
Power struggle between SAF and RSF after tensions over military integration.
What humanitarian impacts occurred in Sudan 2023?
11 million displaced, famine risk, collapsed hospitals, widespread sexual violence.
Why is “defined territory” important for statehood?
It ensures sovereignty and control over borders; without it, disputes undermine legitimacy.
Why is “permanent population” important for statehood?
A stable community legitimizes governance; nomadic or transient groups alone don’t qualify.
Why is “effective government” important for statehood?
Demonstrates authority and capacity to enforce laws; failed states struggle here.
Why is “capacity to enter relations” important for statehood?
Shows diplomatic recognition and ability to engage in treaties/trade; vital for legitimacy.
What did UNSC Resolution 1973 (Libya 2011) authorize?
NATO intervention under R2P to protect civilians from Gaddafi’s forces.
Why was UNSC deadlocked in Ukraine 2022?
Russia vetoed resolutions condemning invasion, blocking collective security.
What was UNSC’s response to Sudan 2023?
Called for ceasefire and humanitarian access, but enforcement was weak.
Why was UNSC divided over Syria 2011–present?
Russia and China vetoed intervention, citing sovereignty and regime support.
How did MSF respond in Sudan 2023?
Provided emergency healthcare, maternal support, and trauma treatment despite access challenges.
How did IRC respond in Afghanistan and Ukraine?
Supported refugee resettlement, healthcare, and education programs.
How did Amnesty International respond in Myanmar?
Documented human rights abuses, pressured governments for accountability.
How did Oxfam respond in the Horn of Africa drought 2023?
Delivered food aid, cash transfers, and supported farmers with livestock and vouchers.
What triggered the Sudan Civil War?
SAF vs RSF power struggle after failed negotiations on military integration.
What humanitarian impacts occurred?
11 million displaced, famine risk, collapsed hospitals, widespread violence.
Which INGOs intervened?
MSF (medical aid), WFP (food), Oxfam (livelihood support).
What challenges remain?
Blocked access, funding shortages, ongoing violence, weak UNSC enforcement.
What triggered the Rohingya crisis?
Military crackdown after insurgent attacks in Rakhine State.
What humanitarian impacts occurred?
750,000 fled to Bangladesh, statelessness, overcrowded camps, mass atrocities.