R4

Question 1

What triggered the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar in 2017?

Answer 1

ARSA attacks led to military crackdown → ethnic cleansing, 740,000 fled to Bangladesh.

Question 2

How did the UN respond to the Rohingya crisis?

Answer 2

Human Rights Council Fact‑Finding Mission (2017)
UNGA condemnations
UNHCR refugee protection
UNICEF education in camps
UNSC blocked by Russia/China vetoes.

Question 3

What role did INGOs play in the Rohingya crisis?

Answer 3

Amnesty documented abuses
MSF provided medical care in Cox’s Bazar
IRC supported sanitation and shelter.

Question 4

How did regional IGOs and states respond to the Rohingya crisis?

Answer 4

ASEAN limited by non‑interference
Bangladesh hosted refugees
Western states imposed sanctions
Gambia filed ICJ case (2019).

Question 5

What was the international community’s response to Darfur (2003–2010)?

Answer 5

UNAMID peacekeeping (2007–2020)
ICC indictment of Bashir (2009)
WFP/UNHCR aid
AU mediation
US/EU sanctions; Chad hosted refugees.

Question 6

How did the UN respond to the SAF vs RSF war in Sudan (2023)?

Answer 6

Secretary‑General called for ceasefire
WFP and UNHCR delivered aid despite blocked access
no robust peacekeeping after UNAMID withdrawal.

Question 7

What was the UN’s role in Syria’s civil war?

Answer 7

UNSC Resolution 2118 (2013) on chemical weapons
OPCW‑UN mission destroyed declared stockpiles
UNHCR refugee protection;p
WFP food rations
UNICEF schooling.

Question 8

How did INGOs and regional IGOs respond to Syria?

Answer 8

MSF healthcare
IRC refugee support
Arab League suspended Syria’s membership
Turkey hosted millions of refugees; EU funded humanitarian aid.

Question 9

What was UNAMSIL’s role in Sierra Leone (1999–2005)?

Answer 9

Disarmed 75,000 combatants
supported elections
stabilised country
Special Court prosecuted war crimes.

Question 10

How did INGOs and states respond to Sierra Leone’s civil war?

Answer 10

Oxfam raised awareness of blood diamonds
Amnesty campaigned for regulation
UK Operation Palliser (2000) stabilised Freetown.

Question 11

What did UNSC Resolution 1973 (2011) authorise in Libya?

Answer 11

“All necessary measures” to protect civilians → NATO enforced no‑fly zone, airstrikes.

Question 12

How did INGOs and regional IGOs respond to Libya?

Answer 12

Amnesty criticised NATO for exceeding mandate
Arab League supported UNSC resolution
AU proposed settlement (ignored).

Question 13

How did the UN respond to Haiti’s 2010 earthquake?

Answer 13

UNDP coordinated recovery
cash‑for‑work employed 300,000 Haitians
MINUSTAH peacekeepers provided security (controversial cholera outbreak).

Question 14

What role did INGOs and states play in Haiti’s crisis?

Answer 14

MSF medical aid
Oxfam food/water
IRC shelter
US, Canada, France provided aid and troops.

Question 15

What was WFP’s response to the Horn of Africa drought (2023)?

Answer 15

Food aid
cash transfers
nutrition treatment
livelihood support
UNICEF water/sanitation
OCHA coordinated response.

Question 16

What challenges did the Horn of Africa response face?

Answer 16

Funding shortfalls, livestock deaths, scale of crisis overwhelmed UN capacity.

Question 17

What is UNRWA’s role in Gaza?

Answer 17

Provides education, food, healthcare for Palestinian refugees since 1949.

Question 18

How did INGOs and states respond to Gaza?

Answer 18

Oxfam food aid
MSF medical care
Amnesty documented violations
Egypt brokered truces
US mediated ceasefires
EU humanitarian funding.

Question 19

How did the UN respond to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine (2022)?

Answer 19

UNSC blocked by Russia veto
UNGA condemned invasion (Resolution ES‑11/1, March 2022)
UNHCR refugee protection
WFP food aid
UNICEF child support.

Question 20

How did INGOs, IGOs, and states respond to Russia–Ukraine?

Answer 20

MSF medical care
IRC refugee support in Poland/Moldova
NATO activated Response Force
expanded membership
EU sanctions + aid
US/EU billions in military/humanitarian aid
Poland, Romania
Moldova hosted refugees