Revision

Question 2

R2P

Answer 2

Responsibility to Protect.

Question 3

In which year was R2P formally adopted by the UN?

Answer 3

2005.

Question 4

Which 21st century event is the main example of R2P applied with force?

Answer 4

Libya 2011 (UNSC Resolution 1973).

Question 5

Define humanitarian intervention.

Answer 5

The use of external military or aid action to protect civilians from mass atrocities.

Question 6

What is human security focused on?

Answer 6

Protecting individuals’ safety and dignity rather than just state security.

Question 7

Give one example of a humanitarian crisis in the 21st century.

Answer 7

Syrian Refugee Crisis (2011–present).

Question 8

Which four criteria define a state under the Montevideo Convention?

Answer 8

Defined territory, permanent population, effective government, capacity to enter relations.

Question 9

Why does anarchy lead to insecurity in IR?

Answer 9

Absence of central authority → mistrust → arms race → security dilemma.

Question 10

List four core features of Realism.

Answer 10

Anarchy, state-centric focus, self-interest, power politics/security dilemma.

Question 11

List four core features of Liberalism.

Answer 11

Cooperation, role of institutions, interdependence, democratic peace theory.

Question 12

List four features of Neoliberalism.

Answer 12

Interdependence, regime theory, economic integration, institutional design for cooperation.

Question 13

List four core features of Feminist theory in IR.

Answer 13

Gendered power structures, critique of militarism, intersectionality, inclusivity in global politics.

Question 14

List four core features of Post-Colonialism in IR.

Answer 14

Critique of Eurocentrism, decolonization of knowledge, resistance and agency, analysis of colonial legacies.

Question 15

Which year was the UN Charter established?

Answer 15

1945.

Question 16

How many members are in the UN Security Council?

Answer 16

15 (5 permanent + 10 rotating).

Question 17

Name one UNSC role in a 21st century event.

Answer 17

Authorizing intervention in Libya 2011 under Resolution 1973.

Question 18

What is the difference between collective security and collective defence?

Answer 18

Collective security = universal UN response; Collective defence = alliance-based mutual protection (e.g., NATO).

Question 19

Give one example of collective security in action.

Answer 19

Gulf War I (1991, UN Resolutions 660 & 678).

Question 20

Give one example of collective defence in action.

Answer 20

NATO’s Afghanistan invasion (2001, Article 5 invoked).

Question 21

What are the three principles of UN peacekeeping?

Answer 21

Consent of parties, impartiality, non-use of force except in self-defence.

Question 22

Give one successful UN peacekeeping mission.

Answer 22

UNAMSIL in Sierra Leone (1999–2005).

Question 23

List two INGOs and their roles in 21st century crises.

Answer 23

MSF in Sudan (medical aid); IRC in Afghanistan/Ukraine (refugee resettlement).

Question 24

What was Trump 1.0’s NATO stance (2017–2021)?

Answer 24

Called NATO “obsolete,” emphasized burden-sharing, reduced US troops in Germany, approved lethal aid to Ukraine.

Question 25

What was Biden’s NATO stance (2021–2025)?

Answer 25

Strengthened NATO unity, sanctions on Russia, Article 4 consultations, extensive support for Ukraine.

Question 26

What is Trump 2.0’s NATO stance (2025–2029)?

Answer 26

America-first, reduced aid to Ukraine, proposed peace plan, pressured allies on burden-sharing.

Question 27

What is global justice?

Answer 27

The principle of fairness in international law, human rights, and global governance.

Question 28

Why is global justice accepted by all states?

Answer 28

It underpins legitimacy of international law and human rights norms.

Question 29

What are challenges for the UN in achieving global gender equality?

Answer 29

Patriarchy, tokenism, lack of enforcement, cultural resistance.

Question 30

R2P

Answer 30

Responsibility to Protect.

Question 31

In which year was R2P formally adopted by the UN?

Answer 31

2005.

Question 32

Which 21st century event is the main example of R2P applied with force?

Answer 32

Libya 2011 (UNSC Resolution 1973).

Question 33

Define humanitarian intervention.

Answer 33

The use of external military or aid action to protect civilians from mass atrocities.

Question 34

What is human security focused on?

Answer 34

Protecting individuals’ safety and dignity rather than just state security.

Question 35

Give one example of a humanitarian crisis in the 21st century.

Answer 35

Syrian Refugee Crisis (2011–present).

Question 36

Which four criteria define a state under the Montevideo Convention?

Answer 36

Defined territory, permanent population, effective government, capacity to enter relations.

Question 37

Why does anarchy lead to insecurity in IR?

Answer 37

Absence of central authority → mistrust → arms race → security dilemma.

Question 38

List four core features of Realism.

Answer 38

Anarchy, state-centric focus, self-interest, power politics/security dilemma.

Question 39

List four core features of Liberalism.

Answer 39

Cooperation, role of institutions, interdependence, democratic peace theory.

Question 40

List four features of Neoliberalism.

Answer 40

Interdependence, regime theory, economic integration, institutional design for cooperation.

Question 41

List four core features of Feminist theory in IR.

Answer 41

Gendered power structures, critique of militarism, intersectionality, inclusivity in global politics.

Question 42

List four core features of Post-Colonialism in IR.

Answer 42

Critique of Eurocentrism, decolonization of knowledge, resistance and agency, analysis of colonial legacies.

Question 43

Which year was the UN Charter established?

Answer 43

1945.

Question 44

How many members are in the UN Security Council?

Answer 44

15 (5 permanent + 10 rotating).

Question 45

Name one UNSC role in a 21st century event.

Answer 45

Authorizing intervention in Libya 2011 under Resolution 1973.

Question 46

What is the difference between collective security and collective defence?

Answer 46

Collective security = universal UN response; Collective defence = alliance-based mutual protection (e.g., NATO).

Question 47

Give one example of collective security in action.

Answer 47

Gulf War I (1991, UN Resolutions 660 & 678).

Question 48

Give one example of collective defence in action.

Answer 48

NATO’s Afghanistan invasion (2001, Article 5 invoked).

Question 49

What are the three principles of UN peacekeeping?

Answer 49

Consent of parties, impartiality, non-use of force except in self-defence.

Question 50

Give one successful UN peacekeeping mission.

Answer 50

UNAMSIL in Sierra Leone (1999–2005).

Question 51

List two INGOs and their roles in 21st century crises.

Answer 51

MSF in Sudan (medical aid); IRC in Afghanistan/Ukraine (refugee resettlement).

Question 52

What was Trump 1.0’s NATO stance (2017–2021)?

Answer 52

Called NATO “obsolete,” emphasized burden-sharing, reduced US troops in Germany, approved lethal aid to Ukraine.

Question 53

What was Biden’s NATO stance (2021–2025)?

Answer 53

Strengthened NATO unity, sanctions on Russia, Article 4 consultations, extensive support for Ukraine.

Question 54

What is Trump 2.0’s NATO stance (2025–2029)?

Answer 54

America-first, reduced aid to Ukraine, proposed peace plan, pressured allies on burden-sharing.

Question 55

What is global justice?

Answer 55

The principle of fairness in international law, human rights, and global governance.

Question 56

Why is global justice accepted by all states?

Answer 56

It underpins legitimacy of international law and human rights norms.

Question 57

What are challenges for the UN in achieving global gender equality?

Answer 57

Patriarchy, tokenism, lack of enforcement, cultural resistance.