evidence for evolution

Question 1

microevolution

Answer 1

changes in gene frequency in a population from one generation to the next

Question 2

macroevolution

Answer 2

descent of different species from a common ancestor over many generations

Question 3

fossil evidence

Answer 3

• remains of animals/plants
• layered chonologically, deeper=older
• shows species change over time
• older=simple, recent=complex

Question 4

anatomical/embryological evidence

Answer 4

• homologous structures
• analogous structures
• vestigial structures
• embryos

Question 5

homologous structures

Answer 5

• structures w/ similar shape/size/number but different function
• shows they share common ancestor

Question 6

analogous structures

Answer 6

• perform same function but lack common evolutionary origin
• insects/birds both fly, but both evolved independently

Question 7

vestigial structures

Answer 7

• structures w/ no apparent function and are residual parts from ancestor
• appendix, tailbone, palmar reflex, tonsil, wisdom teeth

Question 8

embryological evidence

Answer 8

• embryos of all vertebrae have a short bony tail
• human embryos have gill slits
• because all shared common ancestor, over time species evolved and structures got modified

Question 9

biogeography

Answer 9

• how/why animals and plants live where they do
• geographic distribution of organisms based on living species and fossils
• similar habitats select for similar traits (e.g. capybare and beaver distantly related but same body shape bc same environment)

Question 10

island biogeography

Answer 10

dariwin’s finches all came from same species, but evolved into diff species to adapt to food types

Question 11

adaptive radiation

Answer 11

single species evolves into many new species rapidly

Question 12

DNA evidence

Answer 12

• more closely two species are related, more DNA sequences in common
• e.g. Cytochrome C protein exists in almost all animals, meaning that all came from common ancestor