respiratory system

Question 1

importance of this system

Answer 1

• need oxygen to energize cells
• to remove carbon dioxide from cells

Question 2

breathing vs respiration

Answer 2

• breathing: movement of gas
• respiration: supplying oxygen to cells

Question 3

nasal cavity/nose

Answer 3

• air enters through nose
• nose hair cleans air
• sinuses warm air
• sinuses/mucus moisten air
• chemoreceptors detect scents

Question 4

pharynx

Answer 4

takes air from nose to trachea

Question 5

larynx

Answer 5

contains voice box/vocal chords

Question 6

epiglottis

Answer 6

switch between trachea and esophagus

Question 7

trachea

Answer 7

• windpipe
• rings of cartilage
• filter air
• has mucus (particles)
• pathway to bronchi

Question 8

bronchi

Answer 8

• two main branches of trachea
• lined with cilia (filter out foreign substances)

Question 9

bronchioles

Answer 9

• smaller pathways as bronchi divide

Question 10

alveoli

Answer 10

• fill with air when inhaling
• place of gas exchange
• diffusion occurs across alveoli membrane

Question 11

how does diffusion work

Answer 11

• oxygen diffuses from alveoli to capillaries
• CO2 from capillaries into alveoli and travels up until exhaled

Question 12

lungs

Answer 12

• two lungs
• surrounded by pleural membrane
• right has 3 lobes, left has 2 lobes

Question 13

diaphragm

Answer 13

• sheet of muscles
• at bottom of chest cavity
• seperate chest from abdominal area

Question 14

when does the diaphragm contract/relax

Answer 14

• contracts when oxygen breathed in (moves down)
• relaxes when CO2 exhaled (moves up)

Question 15

inspiration

Answer 15

• lungs move up and out
• diaphragm contracts and moves down
• pressure in lungs decreases so air comes in

Question 16

expiration

Answer 16

• lungs move down and in
• diaphragm relaxes and moves up
• pressure in lungs increases so air is pushed out

Question 17

why is friction not a problem

Answer 17

• pleural membranes cover lungs and line thoracic cavity
• space between pleural membranes is called pleural cavity, it is filled with fluid

Question 18

pneumothorax

Answer 18

• happens when air is introduced into pleural cavity
• pressure prevents lung from expanding

Question 19

what controls breathing

Answer 19

respiratory centre in brain stem controls rhythm of inhalation/exhalation by sending signals that cause diaphragm/intercostal muscles to contract