nutrients

Question 1

macromolecules

Answer 1

• carbohydrates
• lipids (fat)
• protein

Question 2

what does our body need in large amounts?

Answer 2

• carbs
• lipids
• proteins
• water

Question 3

how do our bodies use macromolecules

Answer 3

breaks them down by enzymes

Question 4

what are enzymes

Answer 4

• proteins that speed up chemical reactions
• help breakdown macromolecules during chemical digestion

Question 5

how are enzymes named

Answer 5

the chemical the break down followed by an “ase” ending
- protease, carbohydrase, lipase

Question 6

where are enzymes active and how are they released?

Answer 6

• majority are active in the small intestine
• the release is controlled by hormones (endocrine system)

Question 7

carbohydrates

where does it go?

Answer 7

• main source of body’s energy
• broken down to make glucose
• glucose goes to mitochondria where reactions create energy
• 55-60% of diet

Question 8

fibre

whts it help with

Answer 8

• cellulose that is found in plants
• we have no enzymes to digest fibre
• goes through digestive system intact, but sticks to water and cholesterol
• helps heart disease, indigestion, and weight gain

Question 9

lipids

Answer 9

• stores energy for later use
• insulates body
• protects organs
• makes up cell membranes/some hormones
• helps absorption of vitamins

Question 10

what are lipids made of?

Answer 10

• made of fatty acid chain and glycerol group
• essential fatty acids must be obtained in diet (omega3)

Question 11

proteins

Answer 11

• building blocks of body with wide range of functions
• hormones, transport O2, hair, nails, antibodies, muslce cells
• broken down into amino acids
• 10-15% of diet

Question 12

micronutrients

Answer 12

• vitamins and minerals
• needed in small amounts

Question 13

vitamins

how does it help c___ s

Answer 13

• organic compounds help release energy from macronutrients
• cell function, growth, and development
• diet or produced by beneficial bacteria in gut (vitamin K)

Question 14

types of vitamins

Answer 14

• water soluble
• fat soluble

Question 15

water soluble vitamins

Answer 15

• vitamins B and C, folic acid
• easily removed from body
• easily removed while cooking

Question 16

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 16

• vitamins A, K, E, D
• not easily removed from body
• don’t need to consume regularily
• toxic in excess

Question 17

minerals

essential for…

Answer 17

• chemical elements that body needs
• essential for enzyme activity, body processes
• consumed through diet