Exam #2 Lab Notes

Question 1

Valgus Stress Test

Answer 1

• Tests for MCL
• Test in full extension (for capsule & MCL) or 20-30° flexion (for MCL)

Question 2

Varus Stress Test

Answer 2

• Tests for LCL
• Test in full extension and slight flexion

Question 3

Anterior Drawer Test

Answer 3

• Tests for ACL
• Test at 90° flexion

Question 4

Lachman’s Test

Answer 4

• Most reliable test for ACL
• Test at 20° flexion, Femur stabilized by one hand, other hand moves proximal tibia forward

Question 5

Reverse Lachman’s Test

Answer 5

• Test for PCL
• Clinician stabilizes the Femur with one hand while the other lifts the tibia up. Any posterior translation and quality of end feel is noted.

Question 6

Tibial Tuberosity Height/ Post. Sag test

Answer 6

• ACL/PCL
• Hips and knees are flexed, clinician looks from the side and compares ant. contour of both legs.
• If one leg sags back, and prominence of tibial tubercle is lost, PCL may be damaged *

Question 7

Wipe/Swipe Test

Answer 7

• Wipe the fluid from med. side of patella ‘up’ then back down lat. aspect of patella
• positive=wave of fluid on med. side of joint and bulge just below med. distal portion of border of patella

Question 8

What area of IVD does kyphosis & lordosis protect?

Answer 8

Kyphosis - ant. aspect of disc
Lordosis - post. aspect of disc

Question 9

2 sections of every IVD?

Answer 9

• Nucleus Palposus
• Annulus Fibrosus

Question 10

4 levels of IVD herniation?

Answer 10

1. Bulging
2. Prolapsed
3. Extruded
4. Sequestrated

Question 11

IVD herniation MOI

Answer 11

• Typically flexion of lumbar spine for long periods of time OR with lots of external force

Question 12

S/S of IVD herniation

Answer 12

• severe low back pain
• Nerve pain/symptons that may extend down leg
• Decreases in strength
• Increased pain when bending over
• Incontinence can become evident in severe, emergent scenario
• Confirmed by MRI

Question 13

IVD herniation treatments

Answer 13

• Typically non-invasive PT to strengthen supporting muscles and allow disc to reduce itself
• Surgery (laminectomy/disectomy)