Lecture 4

Question 1

2 Joints of the ankle

Answer 1

• Talo-crual joint (Talus with tib./fib.)
• Sub talar joint (Talus with calcaneus)

Question 2

What ligaments protect medial aspect of ankle (eversion protection)

Answer 2

Deltoid ligament :
-post. tibiotalar
-Tibiocalaneal
-Tibionavicular
-Ant. tibiotalar

and spring ligament (cal-nav lig)

Question 3

What ligament’s protect lateral aspect of ankle (inversion protection)

Answer 3

• post. talo-fibular (PTFL)
• Calcaneal fibular (CFL)
• ant. talo-fibular (ATFL)

Question 4

Ligaments protecting the high ankle?

Answer 4

• ant. tibio-fibular lig.
• post. tibio-fibular lig.
• Interosseous membrane

Question 5

Ant. compartment of lower leg?

Answer 5

• Tib. anterior
• Extensor hallucis longus
• Extensor digitorum longus
• Peroneal (fibularis) tertiusL

Question 6

Lat. compartment of lower leg?

Answer 6

• Peroneal (fibularis) longus [head of fib. to base of 1st MT]
• Peroneal (fibularis) brevis [inferior 2/3rds of fibula to tuberosity on 5th MT]

Question 7

2 sections of the posterior compartment of lower leg?

Answer 7

Superficial Posterior compartment
Deep posterior compartment

Question 8

Superficial posterior compartment of lower leg?

Answer 8

Triceps surrae:
- Gastrocnemius
- Plantaris
- Soleus

Question 9

Deep posterior compartment of lower leg?

Answer 9

-Tib. posterior [post. tib/fib to navicular,cuneiforms,cuboids,base of MTs 2-4]
- Flexor digitorum longus [post. tib to DPs of toes 2-5]
- Flexor hallucis longus [int. fib to distal phalanx of 1st toe]
(Tom, Dick, and Harry)
- Popliteus

Question 10

Lateral ankle sprain cause

Answer 10

• Forceful inversion (rolling the ankle) usually coupled with plantar flexion
• Affects the lat. ligs (ATFL, CFL, PTFL)

Question 11

Lateral ankle Sprain S/S

Answer 11

-Instability (grd dependent)
-Pain with inversion
-Swelling
-Discolouration
-Positive anterior Drawer Test
-Pain on fibular head.

Question 12

Lateral ankle sprain treatment

Answer 12

-Stabilize in neutral
-PEIR
-Rule out fracture
-Treat swelling (after inflamm)
-Strengthen muscles (which ones)

Question 13

Medial ankle sprain causes

Answer 13

• Forceful eversion, usually coupled with dorsi flexion.
• Affects Deltoid ligament (Posterior Tibiotalar, Tibiocalaneal, Tibionavicular, Anterior tibiotalar)

Question 14

Medial ankle sprain S/S

Answer 14

-Instability (grd dependent)
-Pain with eversion
-Swelling
-Discolouration

Question 15

Medial ankle sprain Treatments

Answer 15

-Stabilize in neutral
-PEIR
-Rule out fracture
-Treat swelling (after inflamm)
-Strengthen muscles (which ones)

Question 16

High ankle sprain causes

Answer 16

• Forceful dorsi flexion, possibly associated w/ severe eversion/inversion ankle sprains
• Common in hockey
• Affects ant./post. tibio-fibular lig

Question 17

High ankle sprain S/S

Answer 17

-Swelling
-Pain with dorsi flexion
-Persistent for many weeks
-Discolouration above malleoli
-Point tenderness

Question 18

High ankle sprain treatments

Answer 18

-Non weight bearing 5-7 days
-As per ankle sprains
-Rule out fracture
-Support inferior tibio-fibular joint
with tape to prevent splaying.

Question 19

Tendon subluxation causes

Answer 19

-Impact below a malleolus when tendons are tight.
- usually affects TDH, due to the ligament passing post. to med. malleolus

Question 20

Tendon Subluxation S/S

Answer 20

-Pain w/ contraction
-Tendon displaced
-Swelling/tenderness
-Sensation of tendon
slipping/snappin

Question 21

Tendon Subluxation Treatment

Answer 21

-Reduce tendon
-May need surgical intervention to
repair retinaculum
-PEIR