Exam1Lec5ConnectiveTissue

Question 1

What is the connective tissue?

Answer 1

Tissue (cells + fibers) that supports, protects and gives structure to other tissues & organs in the body.

Question 2

What is connective tissue made of?

Answer 2

4 different types of cells and 3 diff types of fibers

Question 3

What are the 4 different types of cells (originated from mesenchymal stem cells)?

Answer 3

1. Fibroblast >produces collagen fibers (i.e., it is the main cell producing ECM fibers)
2. Macrophage = immune cell
3. Mast cell = immune cell >produces response to allergic reaction
4. Plasma cell = immune cell > produces antibodies

Question 4

What are the 3 diff types of fibers for connective tissue?

Answer 4

1. Collagen (type IV)
2. Elastic
3. Reticular (type III collagen) > stains w/ silver (metal)
   -Produced by reticulocytes

collagen and elastic are both prduced by fibroblasts

Question 5

Connective tissue is what plus what?

Answer 5

Cells + ECM (fibers + ground substance)

Question 6

What is the major cellular component of CT? What do they produce?

Answer 6

Fibroblasts, and they produce collagen fibers (i.e., other major component of CT)
But can also produce elastic fibers that do NOT contain any collagen

Question 7

What synthesiszes collagen?

Answer 7

Fibroblasts (alos osteoblasts and chondroblasts)

rer: synthesis of pre and pro collagen
golgi: packaging/secretion of procoll
ECM: enzymatic processing, self aggregation, cross linking

Question 8

What characteristcs of fibroblasts do we see under a LM?

stain?
cell shape?
nuclei shape?

Answer 8

Stain = dark purple w/ H-stain > b/c they have rER + ribosomes
Cell = spindle-shaped
Nuclei = flat; cigar-shaped

Question 9

What are the immune cells of connective tissues?

Answer 9

Macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells

Question 10

Macrophages
fxn?
stain?
cell shape?
cytoplasm?
nuceli shape?

Answer 10

• Phagocytic > have lysosomes to digest material
• Stain = purple (H-stain)
• Cell = irregular shape
• Cytoplasm = vacuoles appear as “open spaces”
• Nuclei = large, irregularly-shaped

Question 11

Mast cells
fxn?
location?
stain?
cell shape?
cytoplasm?
nuceli shape?

Answer 11

• Degranulation > leads to allergic response
  -Localized, mild reaction that is site specific
  -Hyperallergic > severe immediate reaction that is systemic
• 2 locations = mucosa (loose CT = lamina propria) & adult CT (CT proper)
• Stain = purple (H-stain)
• Cell = round/oval shape
• Cytoplasm = many dark purple granules
• Nuclei = lightly-stained round shape

know fxn and lxn

releases heparin, histamikne, proteoglycancs, ECF-A

Question 12

Is lamina propria of gut and loose connective tissue the same thing?

slide 25

Answer 12

No, lamina propria is the layer where you can find connective tissue

ex: submusosa layer of gut> find dense irreg

Question 13

Plasma cells
fxn?
stain?
cell shape?
cytoplasm?
nuceli shape?

Answer 13

• B-lymphocytes exposed to Ag > produces Abs
• Stain = purple (H-stain) w/small pale area near nucleus (golgi apparatus)
• Cytoplasm = purple staining d/t lots of rER
• Nuclei = large, eccentric (off-center), cartwheel appearanc

Question 14

What are the 2 locations of mast cells?

Answer 14

1. Mucosal found in loose CT under muscosal epithelium
2. adult CT proper

Question 15

What are the largest of fixed cells of CT?

Answer 15

Mast cells (20-30 microns)

macrophages are NOT fixed, they move around alot

Question 16

Whar is ECM?

Answer 16

A gelatinous blend of water + ions + collagen + glycoprotein + proteoglycan
Surrounds cells & fibers of CT for support, metabolism + cell communication

Question 17

What are Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?

Answer 17

• Exist as proteins complex w/ polysaccharides
  -Keratin sulfate
  -Chondroitin sulfate
• Fxn = control linkages b/n ECM components
• Make up the major component of PG aggregates
  -They attach to PGs which cause PGs to bind the core protein

Question 18

What are proteoglycans (PGs)?

Answer 18

• Fxn = adhesion of ECM components
• Linker proteins attach to PG aggregates to hyaluronan
  -Results in lots of hydration of the EC

major part of ECM, they consist of GAGS

Question 19

What are glycoproteins?

Answer 19

Glycoproteins = fibronectin & laminin

Question 20

ECM fxn?

Answer 20

ECM Fxn = regulation of distribution + transport of substances

Question 21

Ground substance of ECM

Answer 21

GAGs + PGs + glycoproteins

Question 22

ECM=

Answer 22

ground substance + fibers

Question 23

For CT classification, what are the 3 categories of CT?

Answer 23

1. Embryonic = mesenchyme located in the embryo
2. Specialized = cartilage, bone, blood, adipose, hemopoietic and lymphatic
3. Adult (CT proper) = loose & dense
   -Classified as regular (fibers oriented in same direction) or irregular (fibers oriented in opposite direction)

Question 24

CT classificationn depends on the cell to ECM ratio, what is the ratio for
Loose (areolar) CT and Dense CT?

Answer 24

• Loose (areolar) CT = cells > ECM (fibers)
• Dense CT = cells < ECM (fibers)

Question 25

Where is loose (areolar) CT located?

Answer 25

Under epithelium, surrounds bv, nerves, and muscles

Question 26

Where can you find dense regular CT?

Answer 26

Tendons, ligaments, cornea of eye ## Footnote transmits physical force and light energy

Question 27

Where can you find dense irregular CT?

Answer 27

dermis layer of skin, submucosa of GI

Question 28

Reticular CT vs Elastic CT

Answer 28

Reticular CT: dense irregular CT where reticualr fibers predomiate, seen in lymphatic tissues Elastic CT: dense irregular CT where elastic fibers made by either fibroblasts (loose CT) or smooth muscle cells (aorts). Seen in large blood vessels and ligaments ## Footnote Dense irregular CT = elastic CT (b.v.) & reticular CT (lymphoid organ

Question 29

Specialized connective tissue includes:

Answer 29

adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and hematopoietic tissue

Question 30

Connective tissue proper (adult CT) consists of what?

Answer 30

Cells and ECM that includes fibers and ground substances ## Footnote just asking what is ct

Question 31

The classification fo CT proper is based on

Answer 31

1. Distribution and relative number of cells 2. Types of fibers present and their arrangement 3. The amount and type of ECM

Question 32

The major (permanent residents) cell types found in CT are?

Answer 32

* fibroblasts (collagen, elastic, reticular fibers) * macrophages * adipose cells * mesenchymal stem cells. The wandering (transient) cell population includes: lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes ## Footnote lymphocytes, plasma, and esonophils are immune cells

Question 33

The ECM is a complex structural network that does what 3 things?

Answer 33

1. Surrounds 2. Supports and a metabolic compartment 3. Enables communication b/w cells

Question 34

What holds water for ECM, and is a big part of proteoglycan aggregating?

Answer 34

GAGs

Question 35

____ can indirectly bind to the hyaluronic acid molecule by means of link protins.

Answer 35

Proteoglycans ## Footnote this property of hyaluronian and related polysaccharides regulates the distribution and transport of substances w/in the CT.