Histology > Exam2Lec4Eye > Flashcards

Exam2Lec4Eye Flashcards

(64 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the eye?

A
  • Regulation of the amount of light entering the eye
  • Focusing of light to form an iamge
  • Conversion of light into neural activity
  • Analysis of the visual image before relaying information to the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Whate are the chambers of the Eye?

A
  • Anterior chamber
  • Posterior chamber
  • Vitreous chamber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the ant. chamber defined by and what is it filled with?

A
  • space defined by the cornea, iris and lens (post. to cornea and ant. to iris +lens)
  • Filled with aqueous humor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the post. chamber defined by and what is it filled with?

A
  • Spaced defined by the iris, lens, zonule fibers and cilary body (post to iris, anterior to lens+ ciliary body)
  • Filled with aqueous humor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the vitreous chamber defined by and what is it filled with?

A
  • Space defined by the lens, zonule fibers and retina (post. to lens+ciliary body, ant to retina)
  • Filled with gelatinous vitreous humo (separate from aqueous by density)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the layers of the eye?

A
  • Outer layer: corneo-scleral layer (fibrous)
  • Middle: Choroid layer (vascular and pigmented)
  • Inner: retinal layer (neural)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is contained within the outer layer of the eye?

A
  • Cornea-> covers outer anterior surface
  • Sclera-> covers the outer post. surface

Corneo-scleral layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is contained in the middle layer of the eye? Fxn?

A
  • Iris-> gives the eye its color
  • Ciliary body-> connects to the lens for fine focusing
  • Choroid-> loose CT lining the inside (beneath sclera)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of pigment in the middle layer of the eye?

A

to absorb light, if there is no pig. then the light will be reflected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is contained in the inner layer of the eye? fxn?

A
  • Retinal pigment epithelium-> outer layer of retina
  • Neural retina-> inner layer containing nerve cells
  • Fovea (macula)-> area of greatest visual acuity⭐️
  • Optic disk-> bind spot; where optic n exits the eye⭐️
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the area of greatest visual acuity?
What is the bind spot?

A
  • Fovea (macula)-> area of greatest visual acuity⭐️
  • Optic disk-> bind spot; where optic n exits the eye⭐️
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 5 layers of the cornea from superficial to deep?

A
  • epithelium
  • Bowman’s membrane
  • Stroma
  • Descernet’s membrane
  • endothelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the type of epithelium in the cornea

A

stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the basement membrane of the epithelium in the cornea

A

Bowman’s (membrane) layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the stroma layer of the cornea?

A

Dense Reg. CT underlying the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the basement membrane of the of endothelium?

A

Descemet’s (membrane) layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the type of endothelium of the cornea

A

simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the fxn of the cornea?

A

does 75% of the light focusing onto the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A
  1. vitreous body
  2. inner retinal layer
  3. middle choroid
  4. Corneo-scleral (outer) layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

aqueous humor is produced by what?

A

ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cornea-> _ -> _ -> Brain

A

Cornea-> lens -> retina->optic n. -> Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the middle eye structures?

A
  • choroid
  • cilary body
  • iris
  • lens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the choroid?

A

Vascularized and pigmented loose CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  • What is the ciliary body made of?
  • What does cilary processes produce?
  • what is the fxn?
A
  • Made of smooth muscle cells
  • produces aq. humor for ant and post chambers
  • fxn: regulates fine focus of lens by adjusting shape via parasympatheitc inn.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
* What attached the ciliary body to the lens? * What happens when the ciliary muscle contracts?
* zonule fibers * Ciliary muscle contracts-> zonule fibers relax->lens thickens (allows for near-sightedness)
26
What is the iris made of? What is the fxn?
* Pigmented loose CT+smooth muscle cells * fxn: regulation of light entering the eye by changing the size of pupil
27
How do we change the size of the pupil?
Dilator pupillae contracts-> pupil enlarges-> more light * Via sympathetic inn Constrictor pupillae contracts-> pupil shrinks-> less light * via parasympathetic inn
28
29
What is responsible for 25% of light focusing onto the retina?
Biconvex lens
30
What are the lens layers (outer-> inner)
* Outer layer (capsule)= basement membrane * Subcapsular layer=simple cuboidal that transitions to columnar epithelium * Inner layer= lens fibers * size based on tension of the zonule fibers loacted of ciliary body
31
What pupillae muscle is around pupil and which one pulls out
around: sphincter pupillae mus pull out: dilator pupillae muscle
32
What does the lens provide?
Provides fine focus of visual image by changing shape via ciliary muscle.
33
What are opacities in the lens
cataracts which can be treated via lens transplant
34
What happens when you increase aq humor?
glaucoma
35
36
When ciliary muscule contracts what happens to lens
decrease tension
37
What are the 10 layers of the retina? (from vitrous body to choroid)
1. inner limiting membrane =INNER 2. ganglion cell axons 3. ganglion cell bodies 4. Inner synaptic (plexiform) layer 5. Inner nuclear layer (interneurons) 6. Outer synaptic (plexiform) layer 7. Outer nuclear layer (photoreceptor cell bodies) 8. outer limiting membrane 9. rod and cone photoreceptor outer segments 10. retinal pigment epithelium =OUTER
38
What is within the ganglion cell axons layer, ganglion cell bodies ?
* axon: optic nereve fibers from ganglion cells * bodies: large multipolar neurons synapsing with inner plexiform and axonal process to optic nerve
39
The inner limiting membrane is what?
basal lamina of muller's cells
40
Inner plexiform layer contains what?
neuronal processes
41
Inner nuclear layer contains what?
nuclei from Muller’s, amacrine, bipolar, horizontal and interplexiform cells (photoreceptor cells)
42
The outer plexiform layer processes of _ _ cells
photo receptor
43
The outer nucelar layer form nuclei of _ and _
rods and cones
44
Outer limiting membrane is formed by what?
formed by row of zonulae adherens from Muller cells
45
Rods and cones layer are for what?
for light and color * cones= contain iodopsin-> detect color (red/green/blue) * Rods= contrain rhodopsin-> detect light/dark
46
What does the pigment layer of the retina form? What does it do?
forms blood retina barrier, absorbs excess light and phagocytize discs from rods and cone
47
What is retinal detachment?
separation of the neural retina from retinal pig. epithelium
48
Light enter the eye and hits what first? then where does it travel through?
* gets focused on the inner limiting membrane * travels through the retinal layers to reach the rods+cones
49
What are some roles of the retinal pigment epithelium (mufflys)
* nutritional support for the photoreceptors * absorbs stray light * phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments
50
What is the role of photreceptors?
phototransduction to convert light into neural activity
51
What do interneurons do?
process neural signals
52
What is the role of ganglion cells
transmit visual signals to brain via optic nerve
53
What is the fovea (macula)?
* back of retina in line with visual axis, specialized to **maximize visual acuity** * contains no blood vessels * all cones-> color vision * cell spreading to form a pit
54
What is the optic disk or papillia?
* origin of the optic nerve * blind spot * Contains NO photoreceptor cells
55
What is the ora serrata?
* anterior most border of multilayered neural retina * **site where photoreceptor cells are 1st observed **
56
57
What is macula degeneration?
breakdown of fovea (macula) results in loss of center view * peripheral view (vision) is still intact
58
What is the function of the eyelid
functions to protect exposed surface of the eye
59
What is the outer surface of the eyelid covered by? ⭐️
thin skin (eyelashes)=stratified squamous epithelium (non kert)
60
What is the inner surface of the eyelid covered by?
conjunctiva= stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
61
What does the eyelid contain
* tarsal plate (fibroelastic connective tissue) * orbicularis muscle * large sebaceous Meibomium glands * small sebaceous Zeis glands-> located at the hair follicle * Moll sweat glands=apocrine sweat glands
62
63
64
Histology
flashcards
Decks in class (39)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions