Eye

Question 1

Orbital ligament

Answer 1

Connects the zygomatic arch to the zygomatic process of the frontal bone, runs over the dorsal part of the eye

Question 2

Anterior pole
Posterior pole

Answer 2

Anterior pole is the tip of the cornea (most rostral part)

The posterior pole is the most caudal part of the eyeball

Called rostral and caudal poles as well

Question 3

Optic axis

Answer 3

Passes through the rostal and caudal poles of the eyeball.

Question 4

Equator

Answer 4

Equidistant between the poles of the eye, so if we cut along the equator we would get the rostral and caudal halves of the eye

Question 5

Meridian

Answer 5

One of many lines that go from pole to pole, intersect the equator (like longitude for planet)

Question 6

Optic nerve
(Eye Schematic Layers on VIN)

Answer 6

Leaves eye ventral to the caudal pole of the eye. From the innermost layer of the retina (closest to the vitreous humour), passes through the optic foramen.

Question 7

Visual axis

Answer 7

Line of sight that connects object, the center of the lens, and the fovea (center of the retina)

Question 8

Palpebrae

Answer 8

Eyelids

Question 9

Palpebral fissue

Answer 9

Elliptical opening beween the eyelids

Question 10

Lacrimal puncta

Answer 10

Beginning of lacrimal duct that carries tears away. On conjunctival margin of each eyelid.

“Puncta” means small hole in Latin

Question 11

Lacrimal gland

Answer 11

Dorsolateral to the orbit, ventral to the zygomatic process of the frontal bone.

The ducts from it open into the dorsal fornix

Question 12

Nictitating membrane (3rd eyelid)

Answer 12

Fold of conjunctiva. Extra layer of protection, slides over the eye when it’s retracted.

Nictitating means blinking in Latin

Question 13

Gland of the 3rd eyelid

Answer 13

Accessory lacrimal gland. Surrounds the stem of cartilage of the 3rd eyelid. Secretes enter through conjunctival sac at 3rd eyelid

Question 14

Lacrimal caruncle

Answer 14

Muscosal elevation in the medial angle of the eye.

Caruncle means little bit of flesh in Latin

Question 15

Nasolacrimal duct

Answer 15

From lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity

Question 16

Fornix

Answer 16

Blind ended pouch where the palpebral conjunctiva becomes the bulbar conjunctiva

Question 17

Sclera
(Eye Schematic Layers on VIN)

Answer 17

White part. Continous with the dura mater of the brain at the optic nerve.

Question 18

Cornea
(Eye Schematic Layers on VIN)

Answer 18

Transparent, allows light to enter.

Question 19

Limbus

Answer 19

Junction where the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva covering the sclera meet.

Limbus means edge or border in Latin

Question 20

Choroid
(Eye Schematic Layers on VIN)

Answer 20

Part of the uvea (uva means grape in latin, as when removed looks like shriveled grape)

Lines the internal surface of the sclera from the optic nerve to the limbus.

Question 21

Ciliary body
(Eye Schematic Layers on VIN)

Answer 21

Thickened ring between the iris and choroid. Contains smooth ciliary muscles and produces aqueous humour

Question 22

Iris
(Eye Schematic Layers on VIN)

Question 23

Tapetum lucidum
(Eye Schematic Layers on VIN)

Answer 23

Reflects light through the retina for low light. Not in humans or pigs.

Deepest layer of retina (pigmented epithelium is not pigmented on parts over the tapetum lucidum)

Means “bright carpet” or “shining tapestry” in Latin.

Question 24

Ciliary processes
(Eye Schematic Layers on VIN)

Answer 24

Radial ridges on the internal surface of the ciliary body. Site of attachment for zonular fibres that suspend the lens

Question 25

Zonular fibers

Answer 25

Attache the ciliary processes to the lens

Question 26

Ciliary muscles

Answer 26

In the ciliary bodies, focus the lens

Question 27

Pupil

Answer 27

Opening in the iris

Question 28

Anterior chamber

Answer 28

Between the cornea and the rostral surface of the iris

Question 29

Posterior chamber

Answer 29

Between the caudal surface of the irus and the lens

Question 30

Aqueous humour

Answer 30

Fluid between cornea and the lens

Question 31

Lens (Eye Schematic Layers on VIN)

Question 32

Iridic granules (horse and camelid)

Answer 32

Means granules of the iris. Growths on the edge of the iris of ungulates.

Question 33

Retina (Eye Schematic Layers on VIN)

Question 34

Optic disk

Answer 34

Where axons from the retina converge to form the optic nerve. It is the blind spot.