Eye

Question 1

What are the 3 layers (tunics) of the eyeball?

Answer 1

Fibrous layer
Vascular layer
Neural layer

Question 2

What structures make up the fibrous layer?

Answer 2

Sclera + cornea

Question 3

Function of sclera?

Answer 3

Protection + maintains shape

Question 3

Function of cornea?

Answer 3

Light refraction (major focusing surface)

Question 4

What structures are in the vascular layer?

Answer 4

Choroid, ciliary body, iris

Question 4

Function of choroid?

Answer 4

Supplies blood to eye

Question 4

Function of ciliary body

Answer 4

Controls lens shape (accommodation)

Question 5

Function of iris?

Answer 5

Controls pupil size

Question 6

What is the neural layer?

Answer 6

Retina

Question 6

Function of retina?

Answer 6

Converts light → nerve signals

Question 7

What is the macula lutea?

Answer 7

Area for central vision

Question 8

What is the fovea centralis?

Answer 8

Point of highest visual acuity

Question 8

What is the optic disc?

Answer 8

Blind spot (no photoreceptors)

Question 8

What are the 3 chambers of the eye?

Answer 8

Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreous chamber

Question 9

What is in the anterior & posterior chambers?

Answer 9

Aqueous humor

Question 10

Function of aqueous humor?

Answer 10

Nourishes eye + maintains pressure

Question 10

What is in the vitreous chamber?

Answer 10

Vitreous humor

Question 11

What is the scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)?

Answer 11

Drains aqueous humor

Question 12

What muscle elevates the eyelid?

Answer 12

Levator palpebrae superioris

Question 13

What is the tarsal plate?

Answer 13

Dense connective tissue giving eyelid shape

Question 14

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 14

Mucous membrane lining eyelid an eye

Question 14

What is a stye?

Answer 14

Infection of eyelid gland

Question 14

What are the components of the lacrimal apparatus?

Answer 14

Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal canaliculi
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct

Question 15

Pathway of tears?

Answer 15

Lacrimal gland → canaliculi → lacrimal sac → nasolacrimal duct → nasal cavity

Question 16

Function of lacrimal gland?

Answer 16

Produces tears

Question 17

What structure holds the lens in place?

Answer 17

suspensory ligaments

Question 18

What muscle controls lens shape?

Answer 18

Ciliary muscle

Question 19

What happens when ciliary muscle contracts?

Answer 19

Lens becomes thicker → near vision

Question 20

What happens when it relaxes?

Answer 20

Lens flattens → distance vision

Question 21

What does sympathetic stimulation do to pupil?

Answer 21

Dilates pupil

Question 22

What muscle causes dilation?

Answer 22

Dilator pupillae

Question 23

What muscle causes constriction?

Answer 23

Sphincter pupillae

Question 24

What does parasympathetic stimulation do?

Answer 24

Constricts pupil

Question 25

What is glaucoma?

Answer 25

Increased intraocular pressure due to impaired drainage

Question 25

Why is glaucoma dangerous?

Answer 25

Can damage optic nerve → vision loss

Question 25

What is a cataract?

Answer 25

Clouding of the lens

Question 26

3 chambers of eyes?

Answer 26

Anterior, posterior, vitreous