Urinary System

Question 1

What are the main functions of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Removes metabolic wastes
Regulates blood volume & pressure
Maintains electrolyte balance
Regulates pH
Produces hormones (EPO, renin)

Question 2

What waste products are excreted in urine?

Answer 2

Urea, creatinine, uric acid

Question 3

what are the 5 main organs of the urinary system

Answer 3

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 4

Function of ureters?

Answer 4

Transport urine to bladder

Question 5

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 5

A: Filter blood and produce urine

Question 6

Function of bladder?

Answer 6

Stores urine

Question 7

Function of urethra?

Answer 7

eliminates urine

Question 8

Where are kidneys located?

Answer 8

Retroperitoneal (behind peritoneum)

Question 9

What are the 3 main regions of the kidney?

Answer 9

Cortex, medulla, renal pelvis

Question 10

What is found in the medulla?

Answer 10

Renal pyramids

Question 11

What is found in the cortex?

Answer 11

Nephrons (glomeruli)

Question 12

What is the renal pelvis?

Answer 12

Funnel that drains urine into ureter

Question 13

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 13

Nephron

Question 13

What are the main parts of a nephron?

Answer 13

Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
PCT
Loop of Henle
DCT
Collecting duct

Question 14

What surrounds the glomerulus?

Answer 14

Bowman’s Capsule

Question 15

What does the glomerulus do?

Answer 15

Filters Blood

Question 16

Where does filtration occur?

Answer 16

Glomerulus

Question 17

What is filtered?

Answer 17

Water, ions, glucose, small molecules

Question 18

Where does most reabsorption occur?

Answer 18

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 19

What is reabsorbed?

Answer 19

Glucose
Amino acids
Water
Ions

Question 20

What is secretion?

Answer 20

Movement of waste from blood → tubule

Question 21

What is excreted?

Answer 21

Final urine

Question 22

Function of Loop of Henle?

Answer 22

Concentrates urine

Question 23

What happens in ascending limb?

Answer 23

Ions leave, water stays

Question 23

What happens in descending limb?

Answer 23

Water leaves

Question 24

Function of aldosterone?

Answer 24

Increases Na⁺ reabsorption

Question 24

: Function of ADH?

Answer 24

Increases water reabsorption

Question 25

Effect of ADH on urine?

Answer 25

Less urine, more concentrated

Question 26

What follows Na⁺?

Answer 26

Water

Question 27

When is renin released?

Answer 27

: Low blood pressure

Question 28

Overall effect?

Answer 28

Increases blood pressure

Question 28

How does urine move through ureters?

Answer 28

A: Peristalsis

Question 29

What prevents backflow?

Answer 29

Ureter entry angle into bladder

Question 30

What is micturition?

Answer 30

Urination

Question 31

Urination

Answer 31

Detrusor muscle

Question 32

What controls urination?

Answer 32

Internal sphincter (involuntary) External sphincter (voluntary)