FGSF_FTB_2019 Flashcards by Brillianne Mae Ballasio

It is a rule of action, manifesting or clarifying specific organizational goals, objectives, values or ideals and often prescribing the obligatory or most desirable ways and means for their accomplishment.

A. Guidelines
B. Code of conduct
C. Policy
D. Manifesto

C. Policy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In protected management zoning, it is an area with high biodiversity value, which is closed to all human activity EXCEPT for scientific studies.

A. Forest reservation
B. Habitat management zones
C. Strict protection zone
D. Sustained use zones

C. Strict protection zone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Narra belongs to the premium species category. Yakal also belongs to the same category.

A. Both statements are false
B. The first statement is true while the second statement is false
C. The first statement is false while the second statement is true
D. Both statements are true

B. The first statement is true while the second statement is false

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following characteristics describe a buffer zone?

I. Areas outside the boundaries of and immediately adjacent to identified PAs

II. Areas that need special development control to avoid or minimize harm to PAs

III. Zones that do not fall within the category of protected area under the NIPAS Act

A. I, II & III
B. I & II
C. II & III
D. I & III

A. I, II & III

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is NOT a principle of community-based forest management?

A. Gender parity
B. Exclusion of indigenous peoples
C. Social equity
D. Economic upliftment

B. Exclusion of indigenous peoples

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is the policy of the State to conserve the country’s wildlife resources and their habitats for sustainability. Republic Act No. 9147 is in pursuit of this policy.

A. Both statements are true
B. Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false
C. Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true
D. Both statements are false

A. Both statements are true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

He is the first Director of the Bureau of Forestry of the Philippines.

A. Brown
B. Mc Devitt
C. Fisher
D. Ahern

D. Ahern

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is a part of forestland set aside for the use of the residents of a municipality from which said residents may cut, collect and remove forest products for their personal use.

A. Ancestral Land
B. Forest Stewardship
C. Community Forestry
D. Communal Forest

D. Communal Forest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is an approach used in social research where information is gathered from a person who has a good knowledge of his/her community and culture and is willing to talk about the issues as well as the relevant problems.

A. Use of questionnaires
B. Structured interview
C. Census
D. Use of key informant

D. Use of key informant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Harvesting in CBFM areas of naturally grown forest resources is allowed under EO 23 but shall be covered by resource use permit. Upon approval of the RED, extraction of any forest products is allowed along gullies and river channels.

A. The two statements are true
B. The first statement is true; the second is false
C. The first statement is false; the second is true
D. The two statements are false

B. The first statement is true; the second is false

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which one runs CONTRARY to a social forestry management strategy?

A. Community forestry
B. Plantation forestry
C. Farming for subsistence use
D. Joint venture commercial farm – forestry

D. Joint venture commercial farm – forestry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What particular national government is responsible for the conservation and improvement of the quality of water resources?

A. Local water districts
B. NWRB
C. PAGASA
D. DENR-EMB

B. NWRB

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Buffer zones are relatively large areas not materially altered by human activity and extraction of resources therein is not allowed. They are located outside the boundaries of the protected areas.

A. Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true
B. Both statements are false
C. Both statements are true
D. Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false

A. Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is an office established under P.D. No. 1559 responsible for conducting basic policy researches in forestry and developing effective machinery for forest policy formulation and implementation.

A. Natural Resources Management Program Office
B. Forestry Development Center
C. Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau
D. Forest Management Bureau

B. Forestry Development Center

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If Republic Act No. 7160 is known as Local Government Code of 1991, what is R.A. No. 9175?

A. Clean Air Act
B. Tree for Legacy Act
C. Indigenous Peoples Act of 1987
D. Chainsaw Act of 2002

D. Chainsaw Act of 2002

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In Clean Development Mechanism, it refers to the direct human-induced conversion of non-forest land to forest land through planting, seeding, and/or the human-induced promotion of natural seed sources on land that was forested but has been converted to non-forested land.

A. Reforestation
B. Afforestation
C. Regeneration
D. Industrial plantation

A. Reforestation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It refers to the strategy adopted under Executive Order No. 263 to ensure the sustainable development of the country’s forestlands resources.

A. Community-Based Resources Management
B. Community-Based Natural Resources Management
C. Community Tree Farm
D. Community-Based Forest Management

D. Community-Based Forest Management

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If premium species are allowed to be cut, how much is the forest charge per cu m if it comes from Mindanao (DAO No. 2000-63)?

A. ₱1,200
B. ₱1,400
C. ₱1,500
D. ₱3,000

D. ₱3,000

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which statement is NOT included in the norms and guidelines enumerated in the Forester’s Code of Ethics?

A. Ensure that short-term social interest should always prevail because it gives outright results
B. Observe proper decorum at all times
C. Respect constituted authority
D. Serve as agent of change

A. Ensure that short-term social interest should always prevail because it gives outright results

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rangeland is a part of the public domain characterized by extreme weather conditions, acidic soil, poor vegetative cover and steep slopes. In the use of such part of the public domain, emphasis is more on maximum livestock productivity rather than the environmental considerations.

A. The first statement is false while the second statement is true
B. Both statements are true
C. Both statements are false
D. The first statement is true while the second statement is false

D. The first statement is true while the second statement is false

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is NOT a characteristic of biological control in pest management?

A. Use natural enemies to attack the pest species
B. Use insect pheromones to control the pest
C. Application of bio-herbicides
D. Use crop rotation and fallow period

D. Use crop rotation and fallow period

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The purposes of classification and administration of all designated protected areas under the national integrated protected area system (NIPAS) are:

I. To maintain essential ecological processes and life-support systems

II. To preserve genetic diversity

III. To ensure sustainable use of resources found therein

IV. To maintain natural conditions of the protected areas by the greatest extent possible

What is/are the best answer?

A. II and III
B. all of these
C. I only
D. III and IV

B. all of these

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To effectively perform its mandate, the DENR shall be transformed into a ________.

A. Regulatory-oriented organization
B. Conservation-oriented organization
C. ENR Objective- based and service-oriented organization
D. Development-oriented organization

C. ENR Objective- based and service-oriented organization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following refer to sustainable development?

I. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

II. The quality of life should not decline over the long-term future

III. Well-being must never be allowed to decline

A. I and II and III
B. I and II
C. II and III
D. I and III

A. I and II and III

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Article ___, Section ___ of the 1987 Constitution defines the mode for exploration, development and utilization of natural resources. A. XII – 2 B. II – 10 C. XIV – 17 D. II – 16

A. XII – 2

Wind speed ________ the angle between the flames and the ground by making the flame ____. A. Maintains – stand still B. Reduces – forward C. Increases – forward D. Increases – backward

B. Reduces – forward

The provisions in Article 2 of the 1987 Constitution are mandates, which the state has to implement. The number of provisions under the Declaration of Principles and State Policies has increased to ______ compared to only ten (10) in the 1973 and 5 Principles in the 1935 Constitutions respectively. A. 15 B. 28 C. 10 D. 20

B. 28

It refers to movement of surface soil downhill at an imperceptible rate. A. Earth flow B. Gully erosion C. Rill erosion D. Creep

D. Creep

This forestry system is characterized by a random mix of various species that create at least two layers of canopy. A. Alley cropping B. Taungya C. Improved fallow D. Multistorey

D. Multistorey

Which of the following activities is NOT a group method of extension work? A. Demonstration B. Community meeting C. Field trip D. Home visit

D. Home visit

Buffer strips are areas with a specified width, usually of natural vegetation, serving as protection of streams or bodies of water or as boundaries between units of the plantation. A. Protective borders – boundaries B. Dam – buffer zones C. Boundaries – buffer zones D. Buffer zones – a model

A. Protective borders – boundaries

All CBFM agreements within protected areas shall be endorsed by the PAMB. The regional director approves the CBFM agreement. A. The first statement is false; the second is true B. The two statements are false C. The first statement is true; the second is false D. The two statements are true

D. The two statements are true

Carbon that is removed from the atmosphere and retained in a carbon sink (such as growing tree) or in soil is called ______. A. Carbon sink B. Biomass C. Sequestered carbon D. Fossil fuel

C. Sequestered carbon

The first head of the Inspection General de Montes in the Philippines was Jose Viado ______. A. Jose Viado B. Edmundo Cortes C. Juan Gonzales Valdez D. Florencio Tamesis

C. Juan Gonzales Valdez

The first forestry school was established on April 19, 1910 by virtue of ______. A. Act No. 189 B. Act No. 198 C. Act No. 1898 D. Act No. 1989

D. Act No. 1989

Which of the data comprising the PFPRS 2014 edition were presented in several parts: I. Part I and Part II forest cover, forest resources, forest activities, and forest resources utilization; II. Part III and IV summary data on foreign trade, price information of logs, processed wood products and non-timber forest products; III. Part V and VI derived from the utilization of forest resource; and other statistics relevant to forestry which includes the final results of the 2012 Census of Philippine Business and Industry related to forestry sector. A. I, II and III B. I and III C. II and III D. I and II

A. I, II and III

It refers to vegetative structure intended to serve as a catchment area for soil that erode in an agroforestry site. A. Fire line B. Hedgerow C. Firebreak D. Boundaries

B. Hedgerow

Which of the following situations allow the cutting, gathering and disposition of naturally growing edible fruit bearing trees in private lands under DAO 94-187? I. It has a private land timber permit II. It is not within the log-ban area III. The application is supported by a certificate from the barangay captain A. I and II B. I, II and III C. I and III D. II and III

B. I, II and III

All, EXCEPT one, are classifications of agroforestry based on the nature of component/structural basis. A. Horticultural B. Agrisilvopastural C. Silvipastoral D. Aquasilvicultural

A. Horticultural

A Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim is issued to an indigenous cultural community. The area covered by the claim is usually smaller than that covered by a Certificate of Ancestral Land Claim. A. Both statements are false B. The first statement is true while the second statement is false C. Both statements are true D. The first statement is false while the second statement is true

B. The first statement is true while the second statement is false

The Code of Ethics obliges foresters to be loyal to the ______, to observe the provisions of the Constitution and laws of the land and to respect duly constituted assembly. A. Flag B. Country C. President D. Family

B. Country

There are 3 modes by which corporation or association may be allowed to explore, develop or utilize the country’s natural resources. These are: A. Joint venture, co-sharing, co-production B. Co-sharing, joint production and joint venture C. Sharing, production, joint use D. Co-production, joint venture and production sharing

D. Co-production, joint venture and production sharing

It refers to the process of predicting the likely environmental consequences of implementing a project or undertaking and designing the appropriate preventive, mitigating or enhancement measures. A. IEE B. EIS C. ECC D. EIA

D. EIA

It is an Executive Order adopting CBFM as the national strategy to ensure the sustainable development of the country’s forestland resources and providing mechanisms for its implementation. A. EO 263 B. EO 192 C. EO 338 D. EO 291

A. EO 263

What is the lowest among the following levels of acceptance of innovations by individual members of society? A. Interest in the innovation B. Evaluation of the innovation C. Trial of the innovation D. Awareness of the innovation

D. Awareness of the innovation

A production system with agronomic and tree crops only is referred to as ______. A. Silvipasture B. Agrisilvipasture C. Agriculture D. Agrisilviculture

D. Agrisilviculture

The Forestry Profession Law of 2015 was enacted into law by the 16th Congress. It was approved by President Aquino on October 25, 2015. A. Statements 1 and 2 are correct B. Statement 1 is not correct and statement 2 is correct C. Statements 1 and 2 are not correct D. Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is not correct

D. Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is not correct

The law providing for the moratorium on the cutting and harvesting of natural grown trees in the forest lands. A. Executive Order No. 26 S 2011 B. PD 705 (as amended) C. Executive Order No. 263 S 1995 D. Executive Order No. 23 S 2011

D. Executive Order No. 23 S 2011

Which of the following is NOT a classification of the public domain. A. Mineral lands B. Agricultural lands C. National parks D. Buffer zones

D. Buffer zones

The principle applied by sovereign powers which recognizes that unless otherwise titled, all lands belong to the State. A. Low Intensity Conflict B. Colonialism C. Right of Eminent Domain D. Regalian Doctrine

D. Regalian Doctrine

Public forests are lands of the public domain that have not been the subject of the present system of classification and have been declared by the State as no longer needed for forest purposes. Alienable or disposable lands are lands of the public domain that have been the subject of the present system of classification and have been declared as no longer needed for forest purposes. A. The first statement is false while the second statement is true B. Both statements are false C. The first statement is true while the second statement is false D. Both statements are true

A. The first statement is false while the second statement is true

A forester must put ________, integrity and moral values above material and pecuniary interest. A. Respect B. Discipline C. Honesty D. Self-control

C. Honesty

Forestry extension organization refers to ________. A. People equipped with skills and technologies B. Structure set by people tasked to achieve their goal C. Land, people, programs and services D. Program, farmers and business operations

B. Structure set by people tasked to achieve their goal

A course of action that is adopted and followed by a certain entity to pursue a set of objectives regarding the use and management of forest resources. A. Forest policy B. Forest regulation C. Forest law D. Forest administration

A. Forest policy

What particular national government agency is responsible for the management of watersheds in the country? A. Local water districts B. DENR-FMB C. PAGASA D. NWRB

B. DENR-FMB

A smelting plant is considered an ________. A. Environmentally impact project B. Environmentally compliance project C. Environmentally critical project D. Environmentally critical area

C. Environmentally critical project

It is a practice in upland farming wherein the land is allowed to rest for a considerable period to regain its soil fertility. A. Rotation cropping B. Fertilization C. Organic farming D. Fallow

D. Fallow

Which of the following is a forest-based production technology that deals with the production of timber through the efforts of social forestry families or households? I. Community tree farming II. Communal forestry III. Industrial tree plantation A. I, II and III B. II and III C. I and II D. I and III

C. I and II

What officials must be notified by deputized military personnel and other forest officers of government agencies who apprehended illegal logs and conveyances? A. DENR central office B. Nearest PENRO office C. Nearest CENRO office D. Nearest DENR field office

D. Nearest DENR field office

The constitutional body that shall determine by law the specific limits of forest lands and national parks, marking clearly their boundaries on the ground. A. DENR B. Congress C. Executive branch D. Judiciary

B. Congress

Sanitation cutting is a direct pest control measure. It involves the rapid removal of all infested trees containing the attacking insects or diseases from an infested area. A. Statement 1 is true while statement 2 is true B. Statement 1 is true while statement 2 is false C. Both statements are true D. Both statements are false

C. Both statements are true

A system of upland farming in which the farmer combines food and wood crop following a definite sequence of interval. A. Diversified farming B. Crop rotation system C. Contour farming D. Intercropping system

D. Intercropping system

This refers to a group of people sharing common bonds of language, customs, tradition and other distinctive cultural traits, and who have, at the same time, occupied, possessed and utilized a territory. A. Tribal groups B. Ancestral community organization C. Cultural minorities D. Indigenous cultural communities

D. Indigenous cultural communities

He was a former FAC Deputy Director-General who stated that the ultimate goal of social forestry is total human development. A. UMALI B. LANTICAN C. REBUGIO D. VERGARA

A. UMALI

The first goal of the national economy seeks to address the widening gap between the rich and the poor which is most pronounced in the upland. What is the first goal? A. Productivity B. Equality C. Equity D. Sustainability

C. Equity

________ is the development strategy espoused under Section 51 of PD No. 705 for the management of forest occupancy. A. Community-based natural resources management B. Agroforestry C. Community-based forest management D. Community-based resources management

B. Agroforestry

Part of the public domain subject to the present system of classification and determined to be needed for forest purposes. A. Public forest B. Forest reserves C. Forest land D. Forest reservation

B. Forest reserves

The final decision to include protected areas as integral part of NIPAS is the function of ________. A. Protected Area Management Board B. Congress C. DENR D. Sangguniang Panlalawigan

B. Congress

________ refers to the development strategy under Section 51 of PD No. 705 for the management of forest occupancy. A. Community-based natural resources management B. Community-based forest management C. Agroforestry D. Community-based resources management

C. Agroforestry

How long is the tenurial instrument issued to IFMA holders? A. Ten (10) years and renewable for another B. Twenty-five (25) years only C. Five (5) years and renewable for another D. Twenty-five (25) years and renewable for another 25 year

D. Twenty-five (25) years and renewable for another 25 year

What is the law that established an environment impact statement system? A. PD 1152 B. Proclamation No. 2146 C. PD 1151 D. PD 1586

D. PD 1586

Social forestry evolved from the concept of forestry for local community. This concept was first popularized in 1824 in Burma. A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false while the second statement is true C. The first statement is false D. The first statement is true while the second statement is false

D. The first statement is true while the second statement is false

Cultural change includes all alterations that take place in the total way of life in a given society. On the other hand, social change refers to variations and modifications in any aspect of a social process, pattern or form. A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. The first statement is false while the second statement is true D. The first statement is true while the second statement is false

A. Both statements are true

Which of the following refer to protected landscapes? I. Maintain nationally significant natural landmark II. Protect nationally significant species III. Provide opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation and tourism A. I, II, III B. I, II C. I, III D. II, III

C. I, III

It refers to the article in the 1987 Constitution that provides among others, for the promotion and recognition of the rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities within the framework of national unity and development. A. Article I B. Article II C. Article IV D. Article III

B. Article II

What is the highest among the following levels of acceptance of innovation by individual members of a society? A. Awareness of the innovation B. Adaptation of the innovation C. Evaluation of the innovation D. Adoption of the innovation

D. Adoption of the innovation

A forestry extension technique used primarily to create awareness and interest in forestry with the use of various media of communication is known as ________. A. Group contact B. Individual contact C. Mass contact D. Company contact

C. Mass contact

One of the purposes of administrative seizure proceedings is to determine if prima facie case exists to hold the items. When is a prima facie case established? I. When the offense has been committed II. The evidence of guilt is strong III. The items delivered are the proceeds of violation A. I, II, III B. II, III C. I, III D. I, II

A. I, II, III

It is a form of agroforestry that combines the production of agriculture crops, trees crops and animals in the same unit of land. A. Agri-silvi-pastoral B. Aqua-silvi-pastoral C. Agro-silvicultural D. Silvi-pastoral

A. Agri-silvi-pastoral

The Code of Ethics obliges foresters to always take into account the ecological values and needs of the ________ in the development of and deriving benefits from the forest on a sustainable basis. A. Licensee B. Society C. Agency D. Community

B. Society

Which of the following does NOT help in limiting build-up of “greenhouse” gases? A. Limiting methane emissions B. Sustainable forest management C. Increased consumption of fossil fuels D. Development of solar, wind and water energy systems

C. Increased consumption of fossil fuels

What process results in the conversion of formerly continuous forest into patches of forests separated from non-forested lands? A. Afforestation B. Reforestation C. Forestation D. Forest fragmentation

D. Forest fragmentation

Which of the following is NOT an effect of forestry extension? A. Additional skills B. Business partnership C. Behavioral change (adoption or rejection) D. Knowledge

B. Business partnership

It refers to the classification of all designated protected areas to maintain essential ecological processes and life support system to preserve genetic diversity, to ensure sustainable use of resources found therein, and to maintain their natural conditions to the greatest extent possible. A. National Integrated Protected Areas System B. Protected Areas Strategic Planning C. Protected Areas Classification System D. Protected Areas and Wildlife Development

A. National Integrated Protected Areas System

Section 64 of PD 705 empowers the DENR Secretary to set and prescribe the payment of administrative fees to POs of CBFM Projects. Likewise, DENR is mandated under EO 263 to assist the POs in implementing the CBFM program. A. The first statement is false while the second statement is true B. The first statement is true while the second statement is false C. Both statements are false D. Both statements are true

D. Both statements are true

Tenured migrants are those who have actually and continuously occupied an area 10 years before the designation of such protected area in accordance with the NIPAS Act. They are solely dependent on the resources for subsistence. A. Statement 1 is false; Statement 2 is true B. All statements are true C. Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is false D. All statements are false

A. Statement 1 is false; Statement 2 is true

Which of the following characterizes the old forestry paradigm? A. The practice of forestry is founded on theories and methods biophysical and social services B. Forests have diverse functions and services which are not easy to value C. The value of the forest is mainly defined in terms of commercially exploitable timber D. The value of forests is linked with ecosystem services

C. The value of the forest is mainly defined in terms of commercially exploitable timber

Which are fire protection schemes in watershed areas? I. Establishment and maintenance of fire line around watershed areas II. Establishment of greenbelts III. Establishment of network of fire towers A. I, II and III B. I and III C. I and II D. II and III

A. I, II and III

It refers to the international agreement concerning IPs and tribal peoples in independent countries. A. ILO Convention 169 B. Universal Declaration of Human Rights C. Rio Declaration D. UN Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action

A. ILO Convention 169

Per DAO 2000-78, which of the following can NOT apply for a recovery permit for abandoned logs? A. Holder of tenurial instruments B. RNPC C. Filipino citizens D. LGU

A. Holder of tenurial instruments

It refers to acknowledged claims, privileges, prerogatives or ownership over land and/or natural resources to which one is entitled by reason of law, license, contract or tradition. A. Usufruct right B. Prior vested right C. Human right D. Inheritance

B. Prior vested right

Forest as defined by DENR is a land with an area of more than 1.0 ha and tree cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10%. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 meters at maturity. A. 5 ha, 20%, 1.3 meters B. 1 ha, 30%, 2 meters C. 1 ha, 10%, 5 meters D. 0.5 ha, 10%, 5 meters

D. 0.5 ha, 10%, 5 meters

Neem tree is botanical pesticide for ________. A. Animals B. Insects C. Mites D. Crops

B. Insects

It refers to the process of predicting the likely environmental consequences of implementing projects or undertakings and designing appropriate preventive, mitigating and enhancement measures. A. Environmental Impact Assessment B. Environmental Impact Statement C. Sector Analysis D. Scoping

A. Environmental Impact Assessment

Why is the Philippines considered a megadiverse country? I. Because it is a rich area in terms of biodiversity II. Because of the archipelagic nature of the country III. It has unique set of species/high degree of endemism A. II and III B. I and III C. I and II D. I, II and III

B. I and III

It is a drainage area of the system supporting existing and proposed hydroelectric power, irrigation works or domestic water facilities needing immediate protection and rehabilitation. A. Critical watershed B. Watershed reservation C. Watershed D. Degraded watershed

A. Critical watershed

Which of the following is NOT a principle of Community-based forest management? A. Inclusion of indigenous peoples B. Community-based quarrying C. Gender parity D. Social equity

B. Community-based quarrying

As defined by FAO, forests are lands with an area of more than 5 hectares and canopy cover of more than 10 percent. The trees should be higher than five (5) meters. A. Both statements are true B. Only the first statement is true C. Only statements are false D. Only the second statement is true

D. Only the second statement is true

Protection and production forests are the sub classification of ________. A. Forest reservation B. Permanent forest C. Nature park D. National park

B. Permanent forest

All of these are prohibited acts in protected areas as specified in Section 20 of NIPAS law EXCEPT ________. A. Dumping of any waste products detrimental to the protected area B. Altering, removing, destroying or defacing boundary marks or signs C. Introduction of exotic species of flora and fauna in protected area D. Hunting of any animals without a permit

C. Introduction of exotic species of flora and fauna in protected area

FGSF_FTB_2019 Flashcards

(100 cards)