What determines the loudness of a sound?
Amplitude of the sound wave.
What determines the pitch of a sound?
Frequency of the sound wave.
What does Fechner’s Law describe?
The relationship between physical stimulus intensity and perceived intensity.
What do rods and cones do?
Rods detect light and motion; cones detect color.
Difference between endogenous and exogenous attention?
Endogenous is voluntary; exogenous is stimulus-driven.
What is the Ebbinghaus illusion?
Perception of size is influenced by surrounding objects.
What is prosopagnosia?
Face blindness.
What is an illusory conjunction?
Incorrect combination of features from different objects.
What happens in dual-task performance?
Performance decreases due to limited attention.
According to Logan, what causes automaticity?
Practice leads to automatic retrieval of responses from memory.
What is task switching?
Shifting attention between tasks, often with a cost.
What is vigilance decrement?
Decline in attention over time.
What is sensory memory?
Brief storage of sensory information.
What is the modal model of memory?
Sensory → short-term → long-term memory.
What are components of Baddeley’s working memory?
Central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer.
What is episodic memory?
Memory for personal events.
What is encoding specificity?
Memory is best when encoding and retrieval contexts match.
What is the DRM paradigm?
False memories from related word lists.
What are flashbulb memories?
Vivid memories of emotional events.
What stabilizes long-term memories?
Consolidation.
What is implicit memory?
Unconscious memory (e.g., priming).
What is the misinformation effect?
Memory distortion due to misleading info.
What is Capgras syndrome?
Belief loved ones are imposters.
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
Neurodegenerative disorder affecting memory.
