Final: Lecture 31

Question 0

Nitrogen disposal by the urea cycle

Answer 0

• Intracellular protein turnover involves proteasomes
• Removing ammonia is key to keeping nervous tissue healthy, happens by urea cycle in the liver, the ammonia gets trapped and excreted in urine

Question 1

Protein digestion leads to absorption of amino acids and di (tri) peptides

Answer 1

• Tripsinogen hynotripsinogen, and procarboxypeptidase**
• All these get activated quickly
• Ogen = means its in its inactive state, pepsinogen
• trypsinogen –(Enterokinase)–>Trypsin

Question 2

Production of Ammonia

Answer 2

•Amino group transferred to glutamate and then released

Question 3

Trapping ammonia into urea

Answer 3

• Aminotransferase followed by dehydrogenase reaction, then urea cycle
• Transamination reaction

Question 4

Urea cycle occurs in the _____.

Answer 4

•Liver

Question 5

Be able to identify missing links, know enzyme names**

Answer 5

• Carbamoly phosphate synthetase (CPS1)–>Argininosuccinate synthase–>argininosuccinate lyase–>argininase–>ornithine transcarbamoylase
• The funneling of nitrogen occurs in the muscles, AA are then shuttled to the liver (aminotransferases help funnel)

Question 6

Oxaloacetate can go to ________ or transamination reaction to go to _______ or ________.

Answer 6

• Glucose
• Aspartate
• Glutamate

Question 7

_______ is the number 1 AA circulating in the blood, shuttles N+ to liver.

Answer 7

•Alanine

Question 8

Only two AA are stricktly ketogenis, what are they?

Answer 8

•Leucine and Lysine

Question 9

The ______ is the only thing that produces ketone bodies.

Answer 9

• Liver

* Fats will yield ketone bodies in absence of carbs