Final: Lecture 35

Question 0

Glycation

Answer 0

Agents: Carbonyls (aldehydes/ketones) (ROS)

Targets: Lys/Arg/Cys

Question 1

Oxidation

Answer 1

Agents: O2-(oxygen reductase)/H2O2/ OH radical (ROS gamma radiation)

Targets: Cys/Met *His/Tyr/Trp (affected by gamma)

Question 2

Nitration

Answer 2

Agents: NO (-ONOO, NO2) RNS

Targets: Tyr

Question 3

Nitrosylation

Answer 3

Agents: NO (-ONOO, NO2) RNS

Targets: Cys

Question 4

Sulfhydration

Answer 4

Agents: H2s–>HS radicals

Targets: Cys

Question 5

Succination

Answer 5

Agents: Fumarate

Targets: Cys

Question 6

Stochastic

Answer 6

• Unplanned events that happen to proteins that alter the funtion of them
• Oxidation, glycation, nitration, nitrosylation, sulfhydration, succination
• Rest are purposeful, enzymatic reactions: planned modifications by cells

Question 7

Small Molecules: (reversible, controlled)

1. Phosphorylation
2. Aceylation
3. Methylation
4. ADP-ribosylation
5. Glycosylation

Answer 7

1. Donor: ATP, Target: Ser/Thr/Tyr
2. Donor: Acetyl-CoA, Target: Lys/Arg
3. Donor: SAM, Target: Lys-Arg-His
4. NAD+, Arg-Glu-Asp
5. UDP-sugar (CDP-sugar), N-link Asn, O-link Ser-Thr-Tyr, OH-Pro, OH-Lys

Question 8

Lipid Moiety:

1. Myristoylation
2. Farnesylation
3. Palmitoylation

Answer 8

1. Myristic-CoA, Palmitic-CoA, Acetyl-CoA (FA), N-T Gly-Cys-Lys-Arg
2. Prenylation, Farnesyl-PP (prenyl transfer), Cys
3. Palmatric-CoA (FA transfers), Cys

Question 9

Small Protein: (all target Lys)

1. Ubiquitination
2. Sumoylation
3. ISGylation

Answer 9

1. Ubiquine, used for degradation
2. Small ubiquite-like modifier
3. IFN stimulated gene

Question 10

E1, E2, E3 cascade for small protein modification

Answer 10

E1: activation event

E2: transfer event

E3: ligation event, attach protein target