Final Study Guide Grammar Flashcards by Maren Fricke

Indicative Verb endings:
1st conjugation
2nd conjugation

1st: ō, ās, at, āmus, ātis, ant
2nd: ēo, ēs, et, ēmus, ētis, ent

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Noun endings: First Declension (Feminine)

Nominative: -a, -ae
Genitive: -ae, ārum
Dative: -ae, īs
Accusative: -am, -ās
Ablative: -ā, īs

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Noun endings: Second Declension (Masculine)

Nominative: -us/-er, ī, um a
Genitive: -ī, -ōrum
Dative: -ō, -īs
Accusative: -um, -ōs, um a
Ablative: -ō, -īs

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What are the transative, intransative, and linking?

Transitive: subject + verb + do (in acc)
Intransitive: subject + verb
Linking: subject + linking verb + subject complement
most common sc is sum, but when sum is the first word the sentence is most likely intransitive

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What are the present indicatives of sum, and what are their translations?
And what is the infinitive

sum I am, I exist
es you are
est he, she it, there is
sumus we are
estis you (all) are
sunt they, there are
esse is infinitive - to be

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Ablative case
a. translation without prep
b. with cum
c. new one!

a. Means (instrument) - the thing by or with which something is done + by (means of) ____, with _____
b. Accompaniment: with a person
Manner: with an abstract concept
c. Cause: because of __ (ob and propter with acc) from/for de_ ex_ with abl. causa, gratia with gen before for_

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a. Genitive, translation and uses
b. Dative, translation and uses

a. of _____, possession and part of the whole (the whole of which a part is mentioned)
b. to___, for____, Indirect Object (the person to whom something is given, said, or done) and Reference (Interest) (the person to whom a statement refers) when there is no DO you can assume its reference

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a. Imperfect endings
b. Future endings

a. bam, bās, bat, bāmus, bātis, bant (+ā or ē)
b. bō, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt (+ā or ē)

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how do you do sum with
a. imperfect
b. future

a. eram I was, used to be
erās you were
erat he/she/it there was
erāmus we were
erātis you (all) were
erant they, there were
b. erō I shall be
eris you will be
erit he/she/it there will be
erimus we shall be
eritis you (all) will be
erunt they, there will be

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Third Declension (nouns) singular and plural

(gender does not matter)
Nom: -, ēs. -, a
Gen: is, um
Dative: ī, ibus
Acc: em, ēs. -, a
Abl: e, ibus

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What are the first person personal pronouns

Nom: ego I
Gen: meī of me
Dat: mihi to/for me
Acc: mē me
Abl: mē (by/with…) me
Nom: nōs we
Gen: nostrum/nostrī of us
Dat: nōbīs to/for us
Acc: nōs us
Abl: nōbis (by/with…) us

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What are the second person personal pronouns

Nom: tū you
Gen: tuī of you
Dat: tibi to/for you
Acc: tē you
Abl: tē (by/with…) you
Nom: vōs you
Gen: vestrum/vestrī of you
Dat; vōbīs to/for you
Acc: vōs you
Abl: vōbīs (by/with…) you

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Conjugate Possum in imperfect and future indicative
and translate

Possum - I can/am able
Present: possum, potes, potest, possumus, potestis, possunt
inf: posse to be able
Imperfect: poteram, poterās, poterat, poterāmus, poterātis, poterant
Future: poterō, poteris, poterit, poterimus, poteritis, poterunt

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Third conjugation for verbs, and how you can tell when its happening:
also imperative

3rd: ō, is, it, imus, itis, unt
3rd iō same but first is iō
3rd inf ere has no macron and the first one will have io or o
imp: e at ite

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4th conjugation for verbs and how you can tell when its happening:
also imperative

4th: iō, īs, it, īmus, ītis, iunt
inf is īre
imp: ī, īte

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Third person personal pronouns singular

he, she, it
Masc Fem Neuter
Nom: is ea id
Gen: eius eius eius
Dat: eī eī eī
Acc: eum eam id
Abl: eō eā eō

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Third person personal pronouns plural

he, she, it
Masc Fem Neuter
Nom: is eae ea
Gen: eōrum eārum eōrum
Dat: eīs eīs eīs
Acc: eōs, eās, ea
Abl: eīs eīs eīs

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Hic, haec, hoc masculine, feminine, and neuter singular

this, these, the latter
Masc Fem Neuter
Nom: hic haec hoc
Gen: huius huius huius
Dat: huic huic huic
Acc: hunc hanc hoc
Abl: hōc hāc hōc

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Hic, haec, hoc masculine, feminine, and neuter plural endings

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Masc Fem Neuter
Nom: hī hae haec
Gen: hōrum hārum hōrum
Dat: hīs hīs hīs
Acc: hōs hās hōs
Abl: hīs hīs hīs

ille, illa, illud masculine feminine and neuter singular endings and basic translation

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that, those, the famous, the former
Masc Fem Neuter
Nom: ille illa illud
Gen: illīus illīus illīus
Dat: illī illī illī
Acc: illum illam illud
Abl: illō illā illō

ille, illa, illud masculine feminine and neuter plural endings

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Masc Fem Neuter
Nom: illī illae illa
Gen: illōrum illārum illōrum
Dat: illīs illīs illīs
Acc: illōs illās illa
Abl: illīs illīs illīs

What are the third declension noun i-stem endings

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nom: variable, ēs/ia
gen: is, ium
dat: ī, ibus
acc: em, ēs/ia
abl e/ī, ibus

a. 3rd conjugation for Imperfect (verbs) regular (reg_), iō cap_)
b. 4th conjugation for imperfect (verbs) (aud_)

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a. regēbam, regēbās, regēbat, regēbāmus, regēbātis, regēbant, capiēbam, capiēbās, capiēbat, capiēbāmus, capiēbātis, capiēbant
b. audiēbam, audiēbās, audiēbat, audiēbāmus, audiēbātis, audiēbant

a. 3rd conjugation for Future (verbs) Regular (reg_), -iō (cap_)
b. 4th conjugation for Future (verbs) (aud_)

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a. regam, regēs, reget, regēmus, regētis, regent, capiam, capiēs, capiēmus, capiētis, capiēnt
b. audiam, audiēs, audiet, audiēmus, audiētis, audient

a. Perfect active endings b. and how do you translate it c. how do you do sum with it

a. third principle part + these endings: ī, istī, it, imus, istis, ērunt c. _ verbed, _ have verbed c. fu + same endings

a. Pluperfect active endings b. and how do you translate it c. how do you do sum with it

a. third principle part + these endings: eram, erās, erat, erāmus, erātis, erant b. _ had verbed c. fu + above endings

a. Future perfect active endings b. and how do you translate it c. how do you do sum with it

a. third principle part + these endings: erō, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erint b. _ will have verbed c. fu + above endings

Relative Pronouns Singular

Sing. Masc. Fem. Neuter Nom. quī quae quod Gen. cuius. cuius cuius Dat. cui cui cui Acc. quem quam quod Abl. quō quā quō

Relative Pronouns Plural

Plural. Masc. Fem. Neuter Nom. quī quae quae Gen. quōrum quārum quōrum Dat. quibus. quibus. quibus Acc. quōs. quās. quōs Abl. quibus quibus quibus

Reflexive Pronouns Plural

3rd person Gen. suī of themselves Dat. sibi to/for themselves Acc. sē, sēsē themselves Abl. sē, sēsē by/with themselves

Reflexive Pronouns Singular

3rd person Gen. suī of himself/herself/itself Dat. sibi to/for himself/herself/itself Acc. sē, sēsē himself/herself/itself Abl. sē, sēsē by/with himself/herself/itself

Present Passive Indicative Endings and translation

r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur is verbed, is being verbed are verbed

Present Passive a. 1st conjugation b. 2nd conjugation c. 3rd conjugation d. 3rd io e. 4th conjugation

a. 1st sg, o+r, a for 3rd pl. ā for all else b. 1st sg o+r, e for 3rd pl, ē for all else c. 1st sg o+r, e for 2nd sg, u for 3rd pl, i for all else d. put i before everything besides 2nd sg e. 1st sg ior, iu for 3rd pl, ī for all else

Imperfect Passive Indicative endings

same as present but bā (ba for 1st sg, and 3rd pl) before endings was being verbed, kept being loved, used to be loved

Imperfect Passive a. 1st conjugation b. 2nd conjugation c. 3rd conjugation d. 3rd iō e. 4th conjugation

a. ā + endings b. ē + endings c. ē + endings d. iē + endings e. iē + endings

Future Passive Indicative endings a. translation b. 1st conjugation c. 2nd conjugation d. 3rd conjugation e. 3rd iō f. 4th conjugation

a. will be verbed __ b. ābor, āberis, ābitur, ābimur, ābiminī, ābuntur c. ēbor, ēberis, ēbitur, ēbimur, ēbiminī, ēbuntur d. ar, ēris, ētur, ēmur, ēminī, entur e. add i before the ē f. īar, iēris, iētur, iēmur, iēminī, ientur

Present Passive Infinitive a. 1st conjugation b. 2nd conjugation c. 3rd conjugation d. 4th conjugation

a. ārī to be verbed b. ērī to be verbed c. ī to be verbed d. īrī to be verbed

Perfect Passive Indicative how to form it translations and endings.

4th principle parts + sum amātus (a, um) sum I was loved/have been loved amātus (a, um) es you were loved/have been loved amātus (a, um) est he/she/it was loved ect. amātī (a, um) sumus we were loved amātī (a, um) estis you were loved amātī (a, um) sunt they were loved

Pluperfect Passive Indicative how to form it translations and endings.

4th principle part + sum amātus (a, um) eram I had been loved amātus (a, um) erās you had been loved amātus (a, um) erat h/s/i had been loved amātī (a, um) erāmus we had been loved amātī (a, um) erātis you had been loved amātī (a, um) erant they had been loved

Future Perfect Passive Indicative, how to form it translations and endings.

amātus (a, um) erō I will have been loved amātus (a, um) eris you will have been loved amātus (a, um) erit h/s/i will have been loved amātī (a, um) erimus we will have been loved amātī (a, um) eritis you will have been loved amātī (a, um) erunt they will have been loved

Perfect Passive Infinitive how to form it translations and endings.

fourth principle part + esse 1st : amātus (a, um) esse to have been loved 2nd: monitus (a, um) esses to have been advised 3rd: rēctus (a, um) esse to have been ruled 4th: audītus (a, um) esse to have been heard

Possessive adjectives ect?

meus (my), tuus (your), moster (our), vester (your pl.), suus (his own/her own), eius can also be possessive (his literally of him)

fourth declension endings singular

masc/fem: neuter: Nom. us ū Gen. ūs ūs Dat. uī ū Acc. um ū Abl. ū ū

fourth declension endings plural

masc/fem: neuter: Nom. ūs ua Gen. uum. uum Dat. ibus ibus Acc. ūs ua Abl. ibus ibus

fifth declension endings singular

masc/fem: neuter: Nom. ēs ēs Gen. ēī eī Dat. ēī eī Acc. em em Abl. ē ē

fifth declension endings plural

masc/fem: neuter: Nom. ēs ēs Gen. ērum ērum Dat. ēbus ēbus Acc. ēs ēs Abl. ēbus ēbus

when you see a city or a small town or domi humi belli or ruri what can you translate it as

in __, at ___ or from ___

Final Study Guide Grammar Flashcards

(47 cards)