Midterm 1 Flashcards by Maren Fricke

Ought to, should, to owe

dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitus

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To have; consider

habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus

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To lie (on the ground)

iaceō, iacēre, iacuī, iacitūtus

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To help

iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtus

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To choose, want

optō, optāre, optāvī, optātus

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to dare

audeō, audēre, ausus sum

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to laugh, laugh at

rīdeō, ridēre, rīsī, rīsus

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to be accustomed

soleō, solēre, solitus sum

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goddess

dea, deae f. dat pl and abl pl = deābus

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god

deus, deī m.
nom pl = dī
dat pl & abl pl = dīs

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ocean, sea

pontus, pontī m.

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to give

dō, dare, dedī, datus

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Imperatives Verbs
a. what it is, and what it applies too
b. 1st and 2nd conjugations
c. conjugation and translate amare and monere

a. command, verbs
b. 1st conjugation: -ā, āte 2nd conjugation: ē, ēte
c. amā - (you) love!
amāte - (you all) love!
monē - (you) advise!
monēte (you all) advise!

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Vocative
a. what it is, and what it applies too
b. 1st and 2nd declensions
c. how can you tell when a vocative is being used
d. translate Amice, pueris fabulam narra!

a. direct address, nouns
b. identical to nominative except for 2nd declension nouns ending in -us or -ius, -us becomes -e and -ius is -ī
c. a vocative can be preceded by a ō or set off from the rest of the statement by commas
d. Friend, tell the boys a story!

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Genitive case
a. what is it usually translated as
b. what are the two most common uses?
c. translate these sentences: liber puellae, animus virī
turba virōrum, nēmo fēminārum

a. of _____
b. possession and part of the whole (the whole of which a part is mentioned)
c. the book of the girl (the girl’s book)
the spirit of the man (the man’s spirit)
a crowd of men
no one of the women (none of the women)

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Dative Case
a. declensions
b. what is it usually translated as
c. what are the two most common uses?
d. translate these sentences:
puellae donum dat
Virō fabulās narrāmus
Dominō labōrat
Nautāe pontus est pulcher

a. 1st: ae, īs
2nd: ō, īs
b. to_____, for_____
c. Indirect Object (the person to whom something is given, said, or done) and Reference (Interest) (the person to whom a statement refers) when there is no DO you can assume its reference
d. He gives a gift to the girl
We tell stories to the man
He is working for the master
To a sailor the ocean is beautiful

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Indicative Verb endings:
1st conjugation
2nd conjugation

1st: ō, ās, at, āmus, ātis, ant
2nd: ēo, ēs, et, ēmus, ētis, ent

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Noun endings: First Declension (Feminine)

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Nominative: -a, -ae
Genitive: -ae, ārum
Dative: -ae, īs
Accusative: -am, -ās
Ablative: -ā, īs

Noun endings: Second Declension (Masculine)

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Nominative: -us/-er, ī
Genitive: -ī, -ōrum
Dative: -ō, -īs
Accusative: -um, -ōs
Ablative: -ō, -īs

Noun endings: second Declension (Neuter)

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Nominative: -um, -a
Genitive: -ī, ōrum
Dative: -ō, īs
Accusative: -um, -a
Ablative -ō, -īs

deed, act, exploit, achievement

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factum, factī

to hurry, hasten

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festīnō, festīnāre, festīnāvī, festīnātus

a. easily
b. not
c. often
d. always
e. finally
f. then, at that time, next

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a. facile (adverb)
b. nōn (adverb)
c. saepe (adverb)
d. semper (adverb)
e. tandem (adverb)
f. tum (adverb)

a. away from
b. out of, from
c. in, on
d. in front of, on behalf of, instead of

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Prepositions:
a. ā, ab (+abl.)
b. ē, ex (+abl.)
c. in (+abl.)
d. prō (+abl.)

a. to, toward b. into, onto, against c. behind, after d. across, beyond

Prepositions: a. ad (+acc.) b. in (+acc.) c. post (+acc.) d. trāns (+acc.)

Ablative case a. what are the uses + basic translations b. how do you tell the difference between them c. translate these sentences: Oculis video Agricola in agro laborat puella a turba errat

a. Means (instrument) - the thing by or with which something is done + by (means of) ____, with _____ Place where, and place from which (motion from) b. means does not have prepositions, place where and from which do, and they use a verb of motion in the sentence c. I see with my eyes The farmer works in the field The girl wanders away from the crowd

Accusative a. What is the use for this chapter (chapter 4) b. What does it indicate c. Is it still the DO? d. translate these sentences: Portasne aquam ad viros In templum ambulat

a. Expressions of place b. where or in what direction an action happens c. no, if the accusative has a prep in front of it it is not the DO d. Are you carrying water to the men? She walks into the temple

What are the transative, intransative, and linking?

Transitive: subject + verb + do (in acc) Intransitive: subject + verb Linking: subject + linking verb + subject complement most common sc is sum, but when sum is the first word the sentence is most likely intransitive

care, anxiety

cūra, cūrae

a. example, model b. land, earth, soil, country

a. exemplum, exemplī b. terra, terrae

wisdom

sapientia, sapientiae

to throw

iactō, iactāre, iactāvī, iactātus

to be, exist

sum, esse, fuī, futūrus

a. sick, weak b. high, deep c. good

Adjectives: a. aeger, aegra, aegrum b. altus, alta, altum c. bonus, bona, bonum

a. divine, of the gods; prophetic b. free c. long

Adjectives: a. dīvīnus, dīvīna, dīvīnum b. līber, lībera, līberum c. longus, longa, longum

a. large, great b. bad c. my, mine

Adjectives: a. magnus, magna, magnum b. malus, mala, malum c. meus, mea, meum

a. much; many (pl) b. our, ours c. small

Adjectives: a. multus, multa, multum b. noster, nostra, nostrum c. parvus, parva, parvum

a. first b. beautiful, handsome; fine c. your, yours, your own (sg) d. your, yours (pl)

a. prīmus, prīma, prīmum b. pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum c. tuus, tua, tuum d. vester, vestra, vestrum

a. with b. under, beneath c. to the foot/base of, along of

Prepositions: a. cum + abl b. sub + abl c. sub + acc

Adjectives! a. how do you conjugate them? b. how do you know what ending to use? c. how would you do agricolam? with bon__ d. What is the substantive use? e. how would you translate bonus aegra magnum

a. they use the same conjugations as nouns b. they follow the ending of the noun the modify, so if a noun is sg, nom, and fem the adjective will be too. c. it would be bonum (acc. sg) because agricola is masculine d. this use is an adjective without a noun, masculine ending indicates men (or people in general), feminine women, neuter things) e. a good man, sick woman, large things

Other uses of the genitive! a. what is another use? b. what is it translated as c. what are the three most common uses? d. translate: deus pontī imperium pontī cōnsilium turbae

a. other relationships between nouns b. of ____ c. Explanatory - explains more about the noun, Objective - it would be the object if the other noun were a verb (?), Subjective - it would be the subject if the other noun were a verb d. god of the sea, command of the sea, the advice of the crowd

What are the present indicatives of sum, and what are their translations? And what is the infinitive

sum I am, I exist es you are est he, she it, there is sumus we are estis you (all) are sunt they, there are esse is infinitive - to be

More uses of the ablative! a. what preposition indicates another use of ablative b. how do you tell what its indicating? c. what are the two new uses for the ablative d. transalte: cum amīcīs labōrat and cum cūra labōrat

a. cum, it is a preposition but it indicates different uses of the abl. b. if the noun is animate/a person its accompaniment, if its inanimate/not a person its manner c. Accompaniment: with a person Manner: with an abstract concept d. She works with her friends She works with care

Midterm 1 Flashcards

(43 cards)