Accounting rate of return formulae
Discounting formulae
NPV
Discounted cash flow method, discount all relevant cash flows to present value
Profitability index
NPV per £ of initial capital outlay
Calculated - NPV divided by initial investment
Internal rate of return
IRR
Yield earned on an inv over course of its economic life
Discount rate that causes NPV to be zero
IRR formulae
Rule:
R1> 0
R2-r1 , or equal to 10%
Annuity
Same cash flow every period
Finite number
Perpetuities
Same cash flow each period
Forever
Single future cash flow
Formulae linking nominal and real inflation rates
Conversion of inflation nominal vs real