Genetic engineering

Question 1

describe genetic engineering

Answer 1

modifying the genome of an organism to introduce desirable characteristic

Question 2

how can you do genetic engineering

Answer 2

changing the genetic material by removing , altering or inserting genes genes from another organism

Question 3

describe a recombinant DNA

Answer 3

DNA of organism that is joined to another piece of DNA using ligase enzymes at their sticky ends

Question 4

describe the two vectors

Answer 4

plasmids - small circular molecules of DNA that can be transferred between bacteria
viruses - insert DNA into organisms they infect

Question 5

describe the steps of genetic engineering

Answer 5

• DNA you want to insert is cut out with restriction enzyme and the vector DNA is cut open using same restriction enzyme.
• the DNA from vector and DNA are inserted using sticky ends and mixed with ligase - join the DNA together
• recombinant DNA is inserted into other cells / bacteria ti make human protein as the bacteria reproduces

Question 6

explain purpose of fermenter

Answer 6

reproduce quickly and make large quantites

Question 7

what are the two enzymes and their functions

Answer 7

ligase - join two pieces of DNA at their sticky ends

restriction enzymes - recognise specific sequence and cut the DNA let with sticky ends