Tectonic Hazards

Question 1

why do plates move

Answer 1

due to the movement of liquid magma creating convection currents

Question 2

describe how convection current works

Answer 2

• core heats up magma in mantle
• causes the hot magma to rise to top because it is less dense
• cools at the top
• sinks back to bottom as it is more dense
• it is heated again and cycle repeats
• the plates are pushed and pulled up and down by the convection currents in the magma

Question 3

what is the oceanic crust and the continental crust

Answer 3

found underneath the oceans.

found under land masses or continents

Question 4

where are earthquakes found

Answer 4

all types of plate margins due to plate movements that cause vibration

Question 5

where are volcanoes found

Answer 5

only constructive and destructive plate margins.

not always found on plate margins as magma breaks down through middle of plate and travels to surface - hotspot

Question 6

what are constructive plates

Answer 6

plates move apart from one another.
magma from the mantle rises up 
lava pours out
can be volcano or earthquake 
lava cools forming rock and sea floor spreading

Question 7

what are destructive plates

Answer 7

• plates move towards each other
• ## one subducts under the other

Question 7

what are destructive plates

Answer 7

• plates move towards each other
• one subduct under the other
• friction causes earthquakes
• one crust melts and causing magma to form
• pressure builds up due to magma under crust
• magma push up creating volcanoes

Question 8

what are conservative plates

Answer 8

when plates move in opposite directions
friction builds up between plates
causes sudden jolt
releases energy sending vibrations - earthquake
on oceanic crust creates tsunamis due to displacement of water
no volcanoes as magma isn’t produced

Question 9

What are the primary effects of Haiti earthquake

1. number of people killed?
2. How many homeless
3. how many homes and building destroyed
4. services destroyed

Answer 9

• 250,000 people killed
• 1,000,000 displaced
• 250,000 homes destroyed whilst 30,000 buildings destroyed
• 50 hospitals and 1300 school damaged

Question 10

what were the secondary effects to Haiti earthquake
1, jobs
2. disease
3. aiding

Answer 10

1. 1-5 jobs were lost because buildings destroyed
2. disease such as cholera
3. airports destroyed or damaged so hard to aid the area

Question 11

what are the immediate responses to Haiti

1. money
2. homes
3. shelter
4. services

Answer 11

• 100$ million aid by USA and 330$ by European
• 810,000 in aid camps
• 115000 tents
• healthcare to cure diseases
• due to poor planning may have been bad response

Question 12

what are the long term responses to Haiti

1. roads
2. jobs
3. services
4. sanitisation

Answer 12

• roads were littered with rubble: 98% hadn’t been cleared up
• 1,000,000 still displaced so live in aid camps
• 70% of population cash/ food for work projects
• temporary schools
• water and sanitisation for 1.7 million

Question 13

What are the primary effects of japan earthquake

1. dead injured missing
2. homes damage
3. roads
4. economic

Answer 13

• 16,000 died , 6000 injured , 3000 missing
• 300,000 buildings destroyed and 1 million damaged
• 400 roads damaged
• total damage = 300$ billion

Question 14

what were the secondary effects of japan earthquake
- energy
- power
aftermath

Answer 14

• 4.4 million had no electricity
• power cuts
• tsunami reaching 40.5 meters

Question 15

what were the immediate responses
causes
aid
message spread out

Answer 15

• tsunami
• 91 countries offer aid
• updates via twitter

Question 16

what were the long term responses to japan

Answer 16

buildings that were more shock proof and resistant to tsunamis and quakes

• frozen barrier to stop toxic radioactive water from sinking into ground - 185£ million
• motorway repaired 6 days after

Question 17

what are immediate and long term responses to a earthquake

Answer 17

• shelter for homeless
• financial aid
• food and water
• emergency aid for injured
• ## housing reconstruction / infrastructure

Question 18

what are primary and secondary effects of a natural disaster

Answer 18

• people killed injured
• infrastructure damaged
• homeless
• contamination disease spread
• loss of jobes