genitourinary system

Question 1

organs of the GU system

Answer 1

-kidneys
-ureters
-bladder
-urethra
-genital organs

Question 2

kidneys

Answer 2

-primary organ
-filters blood
-removes waste
-excretes the waste in urine
-assists in regulating bp
-located between 12th thoracic & 3rd lumbar vertebrae on each side of vertebral column & are protected by lower ribs
-the renal capsule surrounds each kidney

Question 3

renal pelvis

Answer 3

moves formed urine into the ureter

Question 4

afferent arteriole

Answer 4

takes blood from renal artery to bowmans glomerular capsule

Question 5

glomerulous

Answer 5

network of capillaries surrounded by bowmans capsule

Question 6

efferent arteriole

Answer 6

carries blood away from the glomerular capsule

Question 7

nephron

Answer 7

functional part of kidneys responsible for filtration of blood

Question 8

ureters functions

Answer 8

-small tube approx. 25cm in length
-carries filtered urine from kidneys through peristalsis, along the posterior abdominal wall, to the urinary bladder on its posterior surface

Question 9

urinary bladder functions

Answer 9

-temporary storage reservoir
-shape/size varies depending on amt of urine contained within &/or the pressure it recieves from surrounding organs
-the bladder contains folds & elastic tissue, allowing it to expand as it fills w urine
-normal capacity is ab 250cc-750cc

Question 10

urethra functions

Answer 10

-the opening on the floor of the bladder allowing flow of urine to the outside
-a band of detrusor muscle encircles the opening to form the internal sphincter
-the external sphincter is encircled by voluntary muscle to control the flow or urine through the urethra
-in females, the urethra is short 3-4cm
-in males, urethra longer ab 20 cm

Question 11

nephrons

Answer 11

-the functional unit of the kidney that is responsible for the actual purification & filtration of the blood
-ab 1 million nephrons are in the cortex of each kidney, & each one consists of a renal corpuscle & a renal tubule which carry out the functions of the nephron

Question 12

nephrons are responsible for

Answer 12

-waste excretion
-bp regulation
-ph maintenance

Question 13

nephrons physiology

Answer 13

-blood travels into the glomerulus & is filtered into bowmans capsule
-the cells responsible for filtration are basement membrane cells

Question 14

hormonal influence

Answer 14

renin, produced in the kidneys is considered both an enzyme & a hormone, not only does it regulate blood flow to the kidneys, it also initiates a cascade of events to regulate water reabsorption, filtration rate, bp, cell growth, & electrolyte balances

Question 15

hormones affecting osmoregulation

Answer 15

-epinephrine & norepinephrine
-renin
-angiotension
-aldosterone
-anti-diuretic hormone, vasopressin
-atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 16

epinephrine & norepinephrine

Answer 16

-produced; adrenal medulla
-function; can decrease kidney function temp by vasoconstriction

Question 17

renin

Answer 17

-produced; kidney nephron
-function; increased bp by acting on angiotensinogen

Question 18

angiotensin

Answer 18

-produced; liver
-function; angiotension II affects multiple processes & increased bp

Question 19

aldosterone

Answer 19

-produced; adrenal cortex
-function; prevent loss of sodium & h2o, increased absorption of na+, which increases water concentration

Question 20

anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Answer 20

-produced; hypothalamus
-stored in the posterior pituitary
-function; prevents water loss by altering membrane permeability

Question 21

atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer 21

-produced; heart atrium
-function; decreased bp by acting as a vasodilator & increased glomerular filtration rate, decreased sodium reabsorption in kidneys

Question 22

s/s

Answer 22

-dysuria
-frequency/urgency
-hesitancy
-polyuria
-oliguria
-anuria
-nocturia
-incontinence retention

Question 23

visual assessment

Answer 23

-observe for distention of LQ’s of abdomen
-examine skin for rashes, discoloration, examine genital area

Question 24

palpation

Answer 24

palpate kidneys

Question 25

diag tests

Answer 25

-ua; can obtain by straight cath, clean catch, indwelling cath, or collect 24hr urine -kub; kidney, ureter, bladder xray -ivp; pyelogram, renal angiography, looks at blood supply -ct scan -cystoscopy; looks at inside of bladder -us -blood tests; bun, serum creat.

Question 26

do not cath unless

Answer 26

Absolutely necessary

Question 27

clean catch

Answer 27

wash front to back, catch specimen after beginning to void, dont touch container to skin

Question 28

straight cath or intermittent

Answer 28

-for pts not wanting to wear a bag -inserted, often used by pts w incontinence, to empty bladder intermittently, or used to collect specimens

Question 29

indwelling cath

Answer 29

-usually inserted into the urethra -a supra pubic may be used for long term -collects into drainage bag

Question 30

condom cath

Answer 30

-used for men w incontinence -condom like device placed over penis w a tube that is connected to a drainage bag -must be changed everyday