hepatitis

Question 1

hepatitis

Answer 1

inflammation of the liver & is caused by viral/bacterial sources or chemical damag

Question 2

HAV mode of transmission

Answer 2

found in water & food, common in crowded living condition; fecal oral transmission, incubates in 2-6 weeks

Question 3

HBV mode of transmission

Answer 3

those exposed to needle punctures, blood products, & those engaging in unprotected sex; iv users have highest incidence, incubates 6wks-6 months

Question 4

HCV mode of transmission

Answer 4

is transmitted through blood or blood products; leading cause of poor transfusion hepatitis, incubation 5-10wks

Question 5

pathophysiology

Answer 5

-the liver performs metabolic & regulatory functions & decreased functioning of the liver is the presenting symptom
-complete regeneration of the liver can occur even when 70% of liver cells are destroyed

Question 6

risk factors

Answer 6

-hav; day care centers, group homes, foreign travels
-hbv; iv drug users, healthcare workers, dialysis pts, multiple sexual partners
-hcv; frequent blood transfusions, male intercourse, iv drug users, hospital healthcare workers

Question 7

subjective nursing assessment

Answer 7

-fever
-malaise
-nausea & vomiting
-anorexia
-abdominal pain
-headache
-joint pain

Question 8

objective nursing assessment

Answer 8

-jaundice, but not always present
-dark urine
-clay colored stools
-hepatosplenomegally
-rash in hpv

Question 9

diag studies

Answer 9

-liver biopsy in chronic disease
-screenings for lfts, increased alt & ast, antibody tests, cbc, & u/a

Question 10

tx & prognosis hep a

Answer 10

-pts can be sick a few weeks to a few months
-most recover w no liver damage, severe damage, & death is rare

Question 11

inactivated hep a serum

Answer 11

prevention for those who expect to be exposed such as daycare providers, & international travelers

Question 12

immunoglobin

Answer 12

for close contacts in an endemic of hav

Question 13

tx & prognosis hep b

Answer 13

-15-25% w chronic disease develop chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer
-acute tx; none, supportive care only
-chronic tx; monitor for disease progression, antiviral drugs may work for some, prophylaxis or hbv vaccine for pats @ risk

Question 14

tx & prognosis hep c

Answer 14

-more than 50% of those infected w hcv develop chronic infection
-no recommended tx for acute hcv
-if disease becomes chronic there are several meds avaliable which usually involves 8-12 weeks for oral therapy, the meds have a good prognosis for over 90% w few side effects