GI FINAL

Question 1

Laxatives

Answer 1

bulk forming- psyllium
surfactant- Colace
stimulating- bisacodyl & senna
osmotic- MOM

Question 2

Psyllium
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 2

MOA:
- acts like dietary fiber
AV:
- intestinal obstruction
Pt edu:
- drink with a full glass of water

Question 3

Colace
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 3

MOA:
- draws water into stool
AV:
- abdominal cramping & diarrhea
Pt. edu:
- best for cardiac patients

Question 4

Bisacodyl & Senna
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 4

MOA:
- stimulate intestinal motility (nerve stimulation)

Bisacodyl AV:
- Suppositories may cause burning sensation & proctitis (inflammation of lining of rectum)

Senna AV:
- can turn urine a yellowish brown/pink color (HARMLESS)

Pt edu:
- urine color change & DO NOT give to pregnant women or elderly

Question 5

MOM
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 5

MOA:
- draws water into intestinal lumen
AV:
- diarrhea, substantial water/ electrolyte loss
Pt. edu:
- works fast! (2-6hrs)

MOM in the “am” for a BM in the “pm”

Question 6

Antacids

Answer 6

Aluminum Hydroxide
Calcium Carbonate

Question 7

Aluminum hydroxide
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 7

MOA:
- neutralizing gastric acid
AV:
- constipation
Pt. edu:
- administer drug apart of other meds (does not play well with others)

Question 8

calcium carbonate
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 8

MOA:
- neutralizing gastric acid
AV:
- Toxic levels of calcium can lead to renal failure
Pt. edu:
- administer drug apart of sucralfate (does not play well with others)

Question 9

Antisecretory

Answer 9

famotidine
cimetidine

Question 10

Famotime & cimetidine
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 10

MOA:
- suppress secretion of gastric acid
AV:
- Gynecomastia, reduced libido, impotence
Pt. edu:
- do not give cimetidine to elderly pts (bc of CNS effects)
- no smoking
- no NSAIDs
- eat small frequent meals

Question 11

PPI’s

Answer 11

omeprazole
Pantoprazole

Question 12

Omeprazole
Pantoprazole
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 12

MOA:
- block all acid production
AV:
- pneumonia
- c.diff
- hypomagnesium
Pt. edu:
- most effective inhibitor of gastric secretions

Question 13

coating agents

Answer 13

sucralfate

Question 14

sucralfate
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 14

MOA:
- creates protective barrier against acid and pepsin (gets sucked into the ulcers coating the stomach)
AV:
- constipation/nausea most common
- not many AV due to lack of systemic absorption
Pt. edu:
- give 1-2 hours apart from antacids (does not play well)
- admin 30 minutes before meals

Question 15

antiemetics

Answer 15

ondansetron
promethazine

Question 16

ondansetron
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 16

used for chemo induced n/v…. best given before chemo
MOA:
- serotonin receptor blocker
AV:
- prolongs QT interval
Pt. edu:
- do not use for long time!!

Question 17

promethazine
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 17

MOA:
- blocks dopamine 2 receptors in CTZ
AV:
- respiratory depression
- sedation
- hypotension
- anticholinergic
Pt. edu:
- DO NOT GIVE IV or SQ!!!!!

Question 18

Antidiarrheal

Answer 18

Diphenoxylate

Question 19

diphenoxylate (+ atropine)
MOA, AV, and Pt education

Answer 19

MOA:
- acts through ANS to reduce peristalsis and GI motility
AV:
- constipation
- respiratory depression (in high doses)
Pt. edu:
- HOLD meds if pt is having constipation symptoms