What is human factors? (SHELL)
Software, Hardware, Environment, Liveware, L(You)
Also to note CULTURE (C SHELL)
When communicating how much do we rely on Words, Body language, tone of voice?
7%
55%
38%
Effective communication relies on?
-Clear, concise language
-Giving/receiving feedback
-listening + asking for clarification
-good timing
-appropriate style
RAISE
-Relay info
-Ask if they are aware
-Indicate concern
-Solution offered
-Emergency language
Important: take notice and respond appropriately
3 stages of the RAISE acronym?
Inquire, concern, emergency
What is situational awareness?
It’s the process of matching your perceptions with reality.
The monitoring of progress and overall management to allow accurate perception of all factors affecting the aeroplane and crew.
Levels of SA?
Perceiving - Comprehending - Anticipating
When talking about a loss of SA what percentage are due to FAILURE TO PERCEIVE, failure to comprehend, FAILURE TO ANTICIPATE?
78%, 17%, 5%
7 Signs of lost/degraded SA?
Confusion
Errors
Not responding
Not meeting targets
Fixation
Getting quiet
Gut feeling
Two types of decision making?
- Analytical - step by step approach
- Intuitive/cue based - relies on experience, happens quick
What’s an analytical decision making model? (Grade)
Gather - as much info as possible
Review - which info is relevant, discard useless info
Analyse - weigh up info, consider risks
Decide - on best strategy/solution, IMPLEMENT
Evaluate- is strategy/solution good? Do you need to change plan?
What are the 4 common circumstances causing pilots to press on through thunderstorms?
-close to destination
- darkness (destination not visual during approach)
- other aircraft getting in (don’t be a pussy)
- more than 15 mins behind schedule
What 2 factors are involved in risk management?
Likelihood vs consequence
What percentage of accidents are attributed to HF?
80%
What is an error?
Actions or inactions leading to deviation from intentions or expectations
3 types of errors?
Slips, lapses, mistakes
Slip-“I didn’t mean to”
Lapse-“I forgot”
Mistake-“I meant to do it but didn’t realise what it would lead to”
4 slices of Swiss cheese? (Reason model)
-Organisation
-workplace
-person/team
-defences
Definition of a threat?
Events or errors that happen beyond the influence of the flight crew, increase operational complexity and must be managed to maintain the margin of safety
What are the 2 types of stress?
Acute - small day to day things e.g. work presentation
Chronic - prolonged/cumulative things e.g. bad management/boss
Distraction vs interruption
Distraction = something that draws attention (f16 fly by)
Interruption = stopping a person in the middle of doing something (annoying csm)
3 strategies to manage workload?
- Load shedding
- Prioritisation
- Delegation
3 types of safety behaviour? (Just culture)
- Human error (forgot landing checklist due high workload)
- At-risk (guy on ladder)
- Reckless (buzz the tower in a jumbo)
How do we manage each of the 3 types of safety behaviour? (Just culture)
Human error = support
At risk = coach
Reckless = discipline
Tuckmans model of team formation?
Forming - storming - norming - performing - adjourning
