hydrohalogenation

Question 1

what type of hydrohalogenation involves HBr

Answer 1

hydrobromination

Question 2

what would happen if a different halogen was bonded to hydrogen/a different alkene was used

Answer 2

the mechanism steps would be excatly the same, only that a different product would be formed

Question 3

draw the reaction mechanism for the hydrobromination of propene

Question 4

1) what causes a permanent dipole in HBr

Answer 4

differences in electronegativity between atoms, Br is very electronegative compared to hydrogen

Question 5

2) what happens to electrons in the H-Br bond

Answer 5

Br attracts the shared electrons closer to itself, making H δ+(electron deficient) and Brδ- (electron rich)

Question 6

3) what does Hδ+ do and what happens at the same time

Answer 6

it acts as an electrophile. The electron pair from the Pi bond attacks Hδ+ . At the same time, the electron pair in the H-Br bond moves entirely onto Brδ-, causing the bond to break heterolytically

Question 7

4) what happens to the carbon atoms in the C=C bond

Answer 7

one carbon in the C=C bond forms a bond with hydrogen, the other one becomes a carbocation

Question 8

5) what is now formed

Answer 8

an intermediate containing a carbocation is formed, a _______ ion

Question 9

6) what happens to Brδ-

Answer 9

Brδ- becomes a bromide ion adn acts as a nucleophile, attacking the carbocation in the ______ ion

Question 10

7) what product forms

Answer 10

1-bromopropane or 2-bromopropane

Question 11

which one is the product

Answer 11

under standard conditions, 2-bromopropane (Markinkovs rule)

Question 12

whats Markinkovs rule

Answer 12

when HX adds to an unsymetrical alkene, the hydrogen atom bonds to the carbon with more hydrogen atoms(under standard conditions)

Question 13

what type of electrophilic addition is Markinkovs rule for

Answer 13

hydrohalogenation

Question 14

hydrohalogenation turns alkenes into

Answer 14

Haloalkanes