isomerism

Question 1

what are the two types of isomers

Answer 1

structural isomers and stereoisomers

Question 2

define structural isomers

Answer 2

isomers with the same molecular formula but a different structural arrangement of atoms

Question 3

define steroisomers

Answer 3

isomers with the same molecular formula but a different spatial arrangement of atoms

Question 4

what are the three types of structural isomers

Answer 4

chain isomers, positional isomers and functional group isomers

Question 5

define chain isomers

Answer 5

isomers with a different structural arrangement of the carbon backbone

Question 6

chain isomers have similar _________ properties but different ________ properties

Answer 6

chemical, physical

Question 7

what gives them similar chemical properties

Answer 7

they have the same functional group

Question 8

what gives them different physical properties

Answer 8

they have different shapes, for example branched alkane cant pack closely together so they have lower boiling points but straight can

Question 9

draw the two chain isomers butane and 2-methylpropane

Question 10

define positional isomers

Answer 10

isomers with the same functional group but the functional group is bonded to a different carbon on the carbon chain

Question 11

position isomers have different _________ properties and different ________ properties

Answer 11

chemical, physical

Question 12

what gives them different chemical properties

Answer 12

although they have the same functional group, the position of it affects reactivity. Think about the oxidation of a primary vs secondary alcohol

Question 13

what gives them different physical properties

Answer 13

they are different shapes, changing how molecules pack

Question 14

draw the two positional isomers propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol

Question 15

define functional group isomers

Answer 15

isomers with different functional groups

Question 16

functional group isomers have different _________ properties and different ________ properties

Answer 16

chemical, physical

the reasons are obvious

Question 17

what causes stereoisomerism in alkenes

Answer 17

the restricted rotation around the C=C bond

Question 18

is rotation restricted in a C-C bond

Answer 18

no, they can rotate freely

Question 19

what is needed for E/Z isomerism to occur

Answer 19

when each carbon in the C=C bond has two or more different groups bonded to it

Question 20

Draw the E and Z isomers of but-2-ene

Question 21

where are the hydrogen atoms in E-but-2-ene

Answer 21

hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides

Question 22

where are the hydrogen atoms in Z-but-2-ene

Answer 22

hydrogen atoms are on the same side

Question 23

Draw the E and Z isomers of haloethene

Question 24

where are the heavier atoms in E-haloethene

Answer 24

heavier atoms are on opposite sides

Question 25

where are the heavier atoms in Z-haloethene

Answer 25

heavier atoms are on the same side

Question 26

what is needed for cis/trans isomerism to occur

Answer 26

when each carbon in the C=C bond has one hydrogen atom bonded to it

Question 27

Draw the trans and cis isomers of but-2-ene and the skeletal formula

Question 28

where are the hydrogen atoms on trans-but-2-ene

Answer 28

they are on opposite sides

Question 29

where are the hydrogen atoms on cis-but-2-ene

Answer 29

they are on the same side

Question 30

whats a disadvantage of using cis trans nomenclature to name isomers

Answer 30

it cant be used for halothene because each carbon atom in the C=C bond must have one hydrogen atom attached to it, haloethene doesnt.

Question 31

E isomers are the equivalent to...

Answer 31

trans isomers

Question 32

Z isomers are the equivalent to...

Answer 32

cis isomers