Hypercalcemia

Question 1

What controls ca levels?

Answer 1

PTH
vit D
Calcitonin

Question 2

Funtions of PTH!

Answer 2

5

Question 3

Aetiology of hypercalcemia?

Answer 3

1. excess pth (Iry,IIIry)
2. malignant disease (myeloma,IIry deposits)
3. excess action of vit A and vit D
4. excess ca intake
5. endocrine disease- addisons,thyrotoxicosis
6. drugs-thiazide
7. other - immobility

Acidimia
Albuminemia
Osmosis

Question 4

Clinical features of hypercalcemia?

Answer 4

Stomes bones moans grones and thrones

Question 5

Ix?

Answer 5

Serum pth
Serum ca and po43-
RFT
24 hr urinary ca or ca:cr ratio
ALP (high in bone metastasis)
Imaging 
ECG changes

Question 6

Tx?

Answer 6

High fluid intake
Reduce intake of ca or vit D
Sx (if parathy tumors)
Bisphosphonate (inhibit osteoclasts)
Steroid (prevent intestinal ca absorption)