immune system

Question 1

innate immunity

Answer 1

• non specific
• born with it
• physical Barries like skin and mucous membranes
• chemical barriers like acid stomach pH, enzymes like lysozyme
• cellular defenses like phagocytes, natural killer cells

Question 2

adaptive immunity

Answer 2

• when your first exposed to an antigen, your body learns it and makes a specific response
• next time you see it, MUCH faster response

Question 3

adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes

Answer 3

T cells
- mature in thymus
- handle cell mediated immunity (kill infected cells)
B cells
- mature in bone marrow
- handle humoral immunity (make antibodies)

Question 4

T cells

Answer 4

1. helper T cells
2. Cytotoxic (killer) T cells
3. Memory T cells
4. regulatory T cells

Question 5

helper T cells

Answer 5

• activate other immune cells
• needed for activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells

Question 6

Cytotoxic (killer) T cells

Answer 6

• destroy infected or abnormal cells
• release enzymes to kill them

Question 7

memory T cells

Answer 7

• remember the antigen
• respond quickly on second exposure

Question 8

regulatory T cells

Answer 8

• prevent the immune system from attacking your own body
• help stop the response when the infection is gone

Question 9

B cells

Answer 9

1. plasma cells
2. memory B cells

Question 10

plasma cells

Answer 10

make and release antibodies

Question 11

memory B cells

Answer 11

• remember the antigen
• produce antibodies quickly during the next infection

Question 12

innate immune system cells

Answer 12

1. neutrophils
2. macrophages
3. monocytes
4. NK cells
5. eosinophils
6. basophils
7. mast cells
8. dendritic cells

Question 13

neutrophils

Answer 13

• most common WBC
• first responders
• eat bacteria

Question 14

macrophages

Answer 14

• big phagocytes
• eat pathogens and dead cells
• present antigens to T cells

Question 15

monocytes

Answer 15

• become macrophages when they enter tissues

Question 16

NK cells

Answer 16

• kill virus infected cells and cancer cells

Question 17

eosinophils

Answer 17

• fight parasites
• help with allergies

Question 18

basophils

Answer 18

• release histamine during allergic reactions

Question 19

mast cells

Answer 19

• similar to basophils
• found in tissues and basophils are found in blood
• release histamine - inflammation

Question 20

dendritic cells

Answer 20

• antigen presenting cells
• bridge between innate and adaptive immunity
• activate T cells
• scout antigens and show them to T cells

Question 21

major tissues for immune function

Answer 21

1. bone marrow
2. thymus
3. spleen
4. lymph nodes
5. MALT

Question 22

bone marrow

Answer 22

• this is where all blood cells are made, including immune cells
• it is also where B cells mature
• bone marrow = birthplace + B cell training center

Question 23

thymus

Answer 23

• located above the heart
• this is where T cells mature
• shrinks in adulthood

Question 24

spleen

Answer 24

• filters old red blood cells
• contains many macrophages and lymphocytes
• helps clean pathogens from blood
• spleen = blood filter + immune cell storage

Question 25

lymph nodes

Answer 25

- small bean shaped filters located throughout the body - trap pathogens, toxins and cancer cells - give lymphocytes a place to multiply - lymph nodes = pathogen checkpoints

Question 26

MALT (Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)

Answer 26

- found in mucus membranes (tonsils, appendix, peyers patches) - exposed to things you swallow or inhale