lymphatic system

Question 1

lymph

Answer 1

• clear fluid derived from blood plasma
• contains water, immune cells and sometimes fats

Question 2

how lymph flows

Answer 2

1. blood leaks fluid into tissues - becomes interstitial fluid
2. lymph capillaries absorb this fluid - now called lymph
3. lymph vessels move lymph towards the heart
4. lymph nodes filet it along the way
5. fluid returns to the blood via right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

Question 3

antigen

Answer 3

• a molecule that triggers an immune response
• found on the surfaces of bacteria, viruses, pollen, toxins
• foreign antigens trigger immunity
• self antigens normally do not

Question 4

antibody

Answer 4

• a protein made by B cells that binds to antigens
• neutralize pathogens
• agglutinate = clump them
• precipitate = make them fall out of solution
• opsonize = mark for destruction
• activate compliment system

Question 5

fluid balance and fat transport

Answer 5

the lymphatic system also helps maintain body fluid balance and transports fats

Question 6

equalization of fluid

Answer 6

• blood capillaries push fluid into tissues
• lymph capillaries collect excess fluid and send it back to blood

Question 7

transport of fats

Answer 7

• small intestine has special lymph vessels called lacteals
• they absorb fats and package them as chylomicrons
• this gives lymph a milky appearance called chyle

Question 8

lacteals

Answer 8

are lymph vessels inside the villi of the small intestine.
They absorb fats from your food.

Question 9

lymphatic system

Answer 9

fat absorption + fluid balance + immunity

Question 10

primary lymphatic organs

Answer 10

bone marrow + thymus
called primary because this is where lymphocytes are made and mature

Question 11

in bone marrow

Answer 11

stem cells become
- B cells
- Nk cells
- immature T cells (but they don’t mature here)

Question 12

in the thymus

Answer 12

immature T cells leave the bone marrow and go to thymus
mature into
- helper T cells
- cytotoxic T cells
- memory T cells
- regulatory T cells

Question 13

after maturation

Answer 13

• B and T cells travel thru bloodstream to secondary lymphatic organs like
• lymph nodes
• spleen
• tonsils
• there they wait for antigens
• once activated they become “effector cells”