Lab Exercise 1

Question 1

is a nonlethal injury to a cell that produces some abnormality of biochemical function, a recognizable structural change, or both. It is reversible but may progress to necrosis if injury persists.

Answer 1

degeneration

Question 2

What happens when cell degeneration is associated with abnormal cell function?

Answer 2

It may cause clinical disease.

Question 3

the overloading of previously normal cells with abnormal and excessive materials.

Answer 3

infiltration

Question 4

Give the two general conditions classified under this exercise 1

Answer 4

A. Cellular degeneration
b. Cellular infiltration

Question 5

Case A – Liver (A-98-0053)

What animal is the tissue sample from in Case A?

Answer 5

Bird

Question 6

What is the suspected disease in Case A?

Answer 6

Visceral Lymphomatosis

Question 7

What are the clinical signs observed in the bird?

Case A – Liver (A-98-0053)

Answer 7

Emaciation, inappetance, and diarrhea.

Question 8

Case A – Liver (A-98-0053)

Describe the gross appearance of the liver during necropsy.

Answer 8

The liver appeared pale and very much enlarged together with the other visceral organs.

Question 9

What histopathologic features should be checked for in Case A?

Answer 9

Congestion

Lymphoid tissue proliferation (masses or islands of dark staining cells) replacing normal liver tissue

Remaining atrophied hepatocytes that have undergone fatty degeneration with visible fat vacuoles

Question 10

What type of degeneration is evident in remaining hepatocytes?
Case A – Liver (A-98-0053)

Answer 10

Fatty degeneration

Question 11

Case B – Lymph Node (D-03-0148)

What species is the sample from in Case B?

Answer 11

Dog

Question 12

What was observed grossly in the lymph node?
Case B – Lymph Node (D-03-0148)

Answer 12

The lymph node showed dark spots.

Question 13

What condition is identified microscopically?

Case B – Lymph Node (D-03-0148)

Answer 13

Hemosiderosis

Question 14

What structures are seen microscopically indicating hemosiderosis?

Answer 14

Golden brown rounded structures visible on the tissue section.

Question 15

Define hemosiderosis

Answer 15

Hemosiderosis is the accumulation of hemosiderin (an iron-storage pigment) in tissues due to excessive breakdown of red blood cells or hemorrhage.

Question 16

What animal is the heart sample from?
Case C – Heart (F-07-0216)

Answer 16

Cat

Question 17

What was the suspected cause of death in this case?
Case C – Heart (F-07-0216)

Answer 17

Rodenticide poisoning

Question 18

Case C – Heart (F-07-0216)
What are the microscopic findings in the myocardium?

Answer 18

Myocardial necrosis

Fragmentation and disorderly arrangement of muscle fibers

Presence of numerous inflammatory cells

RBCs indicating hemorrhage

Question 19

What other associated conditions are present in the heart tissue?
Case C – Heart (F-07-0216)

Answer 19

Congestion and hemosiderosis

Question 20

Case C – Heart (F-07-0216)
What does myocardial necrosis indicate?

Answer 20

Irreversible injury of cardiac muscle cells leading to death of the affected fibers.

Question 21

Case D – Liver (P-04-0165)
What animal is the liver tissue from?

Answer 21

Pig

Question 22

Case D – Liver (P-04-0165)

What is the disease diagnosed in this case?

Answer 22

Cholelithiasis

Question 23

What is the cause of cholelithiasis?

Answer 23

Obstruction of the gall bladder by a stone resulting in obstructive or post-hepatic jaundice.

Question 24

What are the gross findings in the animal?
Case D – Liver (P-04-0165)

Answer 24

Yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes (icterus).

Question 25

Enumerate the microscopic findings in the liver. Case D – Liver (P-04-0165)

Answer 25

Heavy infiltration with inflammatory cells Yellowish brown material (bilirubin) observed in bile canaliculi and bile ducts Necrosis of hepatocytes (atrophied or lysed/digested by bile) Remaining viable hepatocytes visible RBCs occupying dilated sinusoids

Question 26

What pigment causes the yellowish discoloration in icterus?

Answer 26

Bilirubin

Question 27

What type of jaundice is caused by cholelithiasis?

Answer 27

Obstructive or post-hepatic jaundice

Question 28

Case E – Lung (D-07-0254) List the pathological changes observed in the lung tissue.

Answer 28

Answer: Massive hemorrhages Congestion and edema Inflammatory cell infiltration Thickened and obliterated alveolar walls Presence of hemosiderosis (golden brown rounded structures)

Question 29

What condition does the golden brown pigment in the lungs indicate?

Answer 29

Hemosiderosis

Question 30

What causes alveolar wall thickening and obliteration

Answer 30

Inflammatory cell infiltration and edema.

Question 31

What is the main indication of massive hemorrhage and congestion in the lungs?

Answer 31

Vascular damage and circulatory disturbance in pulmonary tissue.

Question 32

Which case showed necrosis due to bile damage?

Answer 32

Liver (P-04-0165) – pig with cholelithiasis.

Question 33

Which organs showed hemosiderosis in this exercise?

Answer 33

Lymph node (dog) Heart (cat) Lung (unspecified species, case D-07-0254)

Question 34

Which organ among the cases showed fatty degeneration of hepatocytes?

Answer 34

Liver (A-98-0053) – bird case with Visceral Lymphomatosis