Pathology 141 > Module 4 Pt 2 > Flashcards

Module 4 Pt 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of endothelial cells in wound healing?

A

They proliferate and form new vessels,

providing a highly permeable nutrient microvasculature to support the different cells that take part in the healing process.

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2
Q

What are the two main abnormalities in wound healing?

A
  1. Keloid Formation
  2. Exuberant Granulation (Proud Flesh)
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3
Q

What characterizes keloid formation?

A

Accumulation of excessive collagen that results in a protruding tumor-like scar.

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4
Q

What is another term for exuberant granulation?

A

Proud Flesh

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5
Q

Formation of excessive granulation tissue that protrudes above the injured area.

A

exuberant granulation

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6
Q

What is the first event in fracture healing?

A

Trauma = fracture

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7
Q

List the sequential steps in fracture healing.

A
  1. Trauma = fracture
  2. Hemorrhage from broken ends of bone and surrounding soft tissues
  3. Clot/hematoma formation
  4. Inflammatory reaction – vasodilation and exudation of plasma and leukocytes; phagocytic cells clean up tissue debris
  5. Callus formation
  6. Osteogenic cell proliferation
  7. Establishment of a bony bridge that will unite ends of the fractured bones
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8
Q

Enumerate the stages in the 1st intention healing of a wound.

A
  1. Clot Formation
  2. Epithelialization
  3. Inflammatory Reaction
  4. Neovascularization
  5. Fibroblast Proliferation
  6. Devascularization
  7. Egress of Inflammatory Cells
  8. Regression of Fibroblasts
  9. Collagenous Scar Formation
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9
Q

The space created fills with blood from cut dermal vessels, forming a blood clot.

A

Stage 1 – Clot Formation

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10
Q

The clot dehydrates and forms a scab over the lesion.

A

Stage 1 – Clot Formation

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11
Q

It acts as a temporary superficial covering that protects the wound from contamination by environmental agents.

A

scab

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12
Q

What is the time frame for clot formation?

A

Hours after incision

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13
Q

What happens during epithelialization?

A

Active proliferation of epithelium beneath the scab.

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14
Q

What is the time frame for epithelialization?

A

1–3 days

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15
Q

Increased neutrophils at margins of incised areas.

A

Stage 3 – Inflammatory Reaction

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16
Q

Which cells remain longer in the wound to clean up debris?

A

Macrophages

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17
Q

What other cell type increases in number and produces collagen and mucopolysaccharide ground substances during this stage?

A

Fibroblasts
Stage 3 – Inflammatory Reaction

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18
Q

What is the time frame for inflammatory reaction?

A

1–5 days for neutrophils; 3–20 days for macrophages and fibroblasts.

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19
Q

New capillary buds appears covering the incision

  • new capillaries interact to form a network of small vessels across the incision line.
A

Stage 4 – Neovascularization

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20
Q

What covers the wound at this stage?

A

Granulation tissue
Stage 4 – Neovascularization

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21
Q

When is vascularization maximal and when does it decline?

A

Maximal at 5 days to 2 weeks, then declines.

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22
Q

What is the time frame for neovascularization?

A

3–7 days

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23
Q

Fibroblasts continue to increase in number and produce
collagen

A

5 - Fibroblasts Proliferation

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24
Q

What is the time frame for fibroblast proliferation?

A

3–30 days

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25
What changes occur in leukocyte migration during devascularization?
Leukocyte migration decreases
26
What changes occur in edema and vascularity during devascularization?
Both decrease
27
What continues to increase during this stage? (Stage 6 – Devascularization)
Proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen formation.
28
What happens to the small blood vessels during devascularization?
They regress and finally disappear as collagen continues to increase.
29
What is the time frame for devascularization?
15–30 days
30
Which inflammatory cells exit the wound and during what time frames? At Stage 7 – Egress of Inflammatory Cells
Neutrophils: 3–8 days Macrophages: 7–30 days
31
When does Stage 8 fibroblast regression occur?
20–40 days
32
What happens to the wound in the final stage of 1st intention healing?
transforms into an avascular, acellular, pale, collagenous scar.
33
What is the time frame for collagenous scar formation?
35–300 days
34
Inflammation of the artery is called?
Arteritis
35
Inflammation of the bile ducts is called?
Cholangitis
36
Inflammation of the bladder is called?
Cystitis
37
Inflammation of blood vessels is called?
Vasculitis
38
Inflammation of bone is called?
Osteitis
39
Inflammation of bone and bone marrow is called?
Osteomyelitis
40
Inflammation of the brain is called?
Encephalitis
41
Inflammation of a bursa is called?
Bursitis
42
Inflammation of the caecum is called?
Typhlitis
43
Inflammation of the colon is called?
Colitis
44
Inflammation of the colon is called?
Colitis
45
Inflammation of the cornea is called?
Keratitis
46
Inflammation of the dura mater is called?
Pachymeningitis
47
Inflammation of the ear is called?
Otitis
48
49
Inflammation of the endometrium is called?
Endometritis
50
Inflammation of the endocardium is called?
Endocarditis
51
Inflammation of the Eustachian tube is called?
Eustachitis
52
Inflammation of the eye is called?
Ophthalmitis
53
Inflammation of the eyelid is called?
Blepharitis
54
Inflammation of the fascia is called?
Fasciitis
55
Inflammation of fat is called?
Steatitis
56
Inflammation of the gallbladder is called?
Cholecystitis
57
Inflammation of the glans penis is called?
Balanitis
58
Inflammation of the heart is called?
Carditis
59
Inflammation of the intestine is called?
Enteritis
60
Inflammation of the iris is called?
Iritis
61
Inflammation of the joints is called?
Arthritis
62
Inflammation of the kidney is called?
Nephritis
63
Inflammation of the lacrimal gland is called?
Dacryoadenitis
64
Inflammation of ligaments is called?
Desmitis
65
Inflammation of the lip is called?
Cheilitis
66
Inflammation of the liver is called?
Hepatitis
67
Inflammation of the lungs is called?
Pneumonitis
68
Inflammation of lymph nodes is called?
Lymphadenitis
69
Inflammation of lymph vessels is called?
Lymphangitis
70
Inflammation of the meninges is called?
Meningitis
71
Inflammation of the mouth is called?
Stomatitis
72
Inflammation of skeletal muscle is called?
Myositis
73
Inflammation of the myocardium is called?
Myocarditis
74
Inflammation of the nasal cavity is called?
Rhinitis
75
Inflammation of a nerve is called?
Neuritis
76
Inflammation of the ovary is called?
Oophoritis
77
Inflammation of the oviduct is called?
Salpingitis
78
Inflammation of the pancreas is called?
Pancreatitis
79
Inflammation of the pericardium is called?
Pericarditis
80
Inflammation of the peritoneum is called?
Peritonitis
81
Inflammation of the pleura is called?
Pleuritis
82
Inflammation of the prepuce is called?
Posthitis
83
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli is called?
Glomerulitis
84
Inflammation of the renal pelvis is called?
Pyelitis
85
Inflammation of the salivary gland is called?
Sialadenitis
86
Inflammation of a sinus is called?
Sinusitis
87
Inflammation of the skin is called?
Dermatitis
88
Inflammation of the spermatic cord is called?
Funiculitis
89
Inflammation of the spinal nerve root is called?
Radiculitis
90
Inflammation of the spleen is called?
Splenitis
91
Inflammation of the stomach is called?
Gastritis
92
Inflammation of the testicle is called?
Orchitis
93
Inflammation of the tongue is called?
Glossitis
94
Inflammation of the trachea is called?
Tracheitis
95
Inflammation of the tympanum is called?
Tympanitis
96
Inflammation of the uterus is called?
Metritis
97
Inflammation of the vagina is called?
Vaginitis
98
Inflammation of the vas deferens is called?
Vasitis
99
Inflammation of a vein is called?
Phlebitis
100
Inflammation of the vertebra is called?
Spondylitis
101
General inflammation of vessels is called?
Vasculitis
Pathology 141
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