Lab Module 13

Question 1

What is the main purpose of Gram Staining?

A) Monitor our communities for pathogens.
B) Investigate outbreaks
C) Detect outbreaks
D) Track infectious diseases

Answer 1

Correct Answer:
A) Monitor our communities for pathogens.

Question 2

Most of their work deals with testing samples that come from (BLANK).

A) Schools
B) Hospitals
C) Homes
D) Prisons

Answer 2

Correct Answer:
B) Hospitals

Question 3

The measles is not a preventable disease.

A) True
B) False
C) I’m not sure
D) Not mentioned

Answer 3

Correct Answer:
B) False

Question 4

Some of these samples can be used to create vaccines for the flu in the upcoming year.

A) True
B) False
C) I’m not sure
D) Not mentioned

Answer 4

Correct Answer:
A) True

Question 5

(BLANK) are public health workers who Investigate patterns and causes of disease and injury.

A) Anthropologists
B) Epidemiologists
C) Ornithologists
D) Biologists

Answer 5

Correct Answer:
B) Epidemiologists

Question 6

What structural feature of bacteriophages is primarily responsible for enabling them to infect bacterial cells?

A) Their lipid bilayer that allows direct dIffusion into bacterial cytoplasm
B) Their large mechanical ‘tails’ that deliver genetic material into bacteria
C) Their enzymatic capsid proteins that degrade bacterial DNA
D) Their double-membrane envelope that fuses with host cells

Answer 6

Correct Answer:
B) Their large mechanical ‘tails’ that deliver genetic material into bacteria

Question 7

Why are detailed structural analyses of bacteriophages, such as the 3D data for Bas63, increasingly important?

A) They demonstrate that phages can replace all antibiotic treatments in humans
B) They reveal why phages primarily infect multicellular organisms
C) They show how phages can be genetically engineered into plant pathogens
D) They support rational phage design for medical, agricultural, and industrial uses amid rising antibiotic resistance

Answer 7

Correct Answer:
D) They support rational phage design for medical, agricultural, and industrial uses amid rising antibiotic resistance

Question 8

The article refers to bacteriophage structures as “living fossils.” What does this metaphor emphasize about their evolutionary signIficance?

A) Their replication cycles rely on fossilized components preserved in host cells
B) Their evolution has completely stopped due to structural rigidity
C) Their structural features have remained deeply conserved since before multicellular life emerged
D) Their genomes are identical to those of modern eukaryotic viruses

Answer 8

Correct Answer:
C) Their structural features have remained deeply conserved since before multicellular life emerged

Question 9

What evolutionary insight did the research team gain from identifying structural features in the bacteriophage that were previously seen only in distantly related viruses?

A) That bacteriophages share ancient evolutionary relationships with viruses such as Herpes viruses
B) That viral evolution occurs entirely independently of structural changes
C) That bacteriophages have no evolutionary connection to eukaryotic viruses
D) That structural similarities arise purely from environmental pressures rather than shared ancestry

Answer 9

Correct Answer:
A) That bacteriophages share ancient evolutionary relationships with viruses such as Herpes viruses

Question 10

How does the new structural discovery relate to the research group’s previous work?

A) It expands on their prior structural analysis of potato disease-causing pathogens.
B) It contradicts the earlier findings published in Nature communications.
C) It replaces the need for further structural studies in virology.
D) It shifts the focus from plant pathogens to fungal pathogens.

Answer 10

Correct Answer:
A) It expands on their prior structural analysis of potato disease-causing pathogens.