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laws Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

The amount of heat given to a system is equal to the sum of the increase in the internal energy of the system and the external work done

A

1st Law of thermodynamics

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2
Q

It is impossible to construct a continuous self-acting machine that can pump heat energy from a body at lower temperature to a body at higher temperature

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

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3
Q

Electron configuration are built up from the bottom, using the lowest energy orbitals first

A

Aufbau Principle

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4
Q

The pressure in a moving fluid decreases as the speed of the fluid increases

A

Bernoulli’s principle (Daniel Bernoulli)

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5
Q

At Constant temperature Pressure is inversely proportional to volume

A

Boyle Law (Robert Boyle)

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6
Q

The pressure of an ideal gas is inversely prop to the volume of the gas at constant temperature

A

Boyle’s Law (Robert Boyle)

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7
Q

light will receive maximum polarization from a reflecting surface when it is incident to the surface at an angle (angle of polarization or polarizing angle) having a tangent equal to the index of refraction of the surface.

A

Brewsters Law (David Brewster)

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8
Q

At Constant pressure volume directly proportional to temperature

A

Charles Law (Jacques Charles)

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9
Q

The magnitude of the force between two point charges which are a distance “r” apart is directly proportional to the product of the charges and is inversely proportional to the square of their distance “r” apart.

A

Coulomb’s Law

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10
Q

Any particle with momentum can exibit wavelike properties.

A

Debroglie’s principle

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11
Q

the emission of electrons from a heated metal in a vacuum

A

Edisson Effect (Thermionic Emission)

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12
Q

all physics laws have the same form in all admissible frames of reference

A

Einstein’s Principle of relativity

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13
Q

The mass of a substance altered at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity transferred at that electrode.

A

Faraday’s 1st Law of Electrolysis

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14
Q

For a given quantity of direct current of electric charge, the mass of an elemental material altered at an electrode is directly proportional to the element’s equivalent weight.

A

Faraday’s 2nd Law of Electrolysis

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15
Q

The magnetude of the induced EMF in a circuit is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux

A

Faradays law (Michael Faraday)

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16
Q
A

Fermat’s Principle

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17
Q

The rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

A

Graham’s law

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18
Q

The effusion rate of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density

A

Graham’s law of gaseous effusion

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19
Q

This principle states that it is not possible to know a particle’s location and momentumpreciselyat any time.

A

Heisenberg uncertainty principle (Inditerminacy principle)

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20
Q

The sun is at the center of the universe

A

Heliocentric theory

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21
Q

law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure?

A

Henry’s law

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22
Q

The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid

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A

Henry’s Law

23
Q

that if a reaction can take place by more than one route, the overall change in enthalpy is the same whichever route is followed

24
Q

The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the load applied provided that the ellastic limit is not reached. (F = -kx)

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A

Hooks Law (Robert Hook)

25
The speed at which galaxies are receeding is proportional to their distance from the earth.
Hubble's Law
26
Where orbitals are degenerate, electrons are not paired until each orbital in the degenerate set has been half filled
Hunds Rule
27
a specified physical quantity or strength is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity
Inverse Square Law
28
Every body continue in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled by an external force to act otherwise
Isack Newton's 1st law of motion
29
(Law of acceleration) Rate of change of displacement is equal to the applied force and acts in the direction of the force
Isack Newton's 2nd law of motion
30
To every action there is an equal reaction in the opposite direction
Isack Newton's 3rd law of motion
31
The heat develop in a conductor is directly proportional to the resistance of the conductor, the square of the current and the time the current is maintained is a statement of which law
Joule's Law (James Joule)
32
The path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with the center of the sun being located at one focus. (The Law of Ellipses)
Kepplers 1st law of planetary motion
33
An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time. (The Law of Equal Areas)
Kepplers 2nd law of planetary motion
34
The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the sun. (The Law of Harmonies)
Keppler's 3rd law of planetary motion
35
At a junction in a circuit, the current arriving equals the current leaving.
Kirchoff's 1st Law
36
In a loop of a circuit, the algebraic sum of the electromotive force is equal to the algebraic sum of the products of sum and resistance.
Kirchoff's 2nd Law
37
The emissivity of a body is equivalent to the absorbance at the same temperature
Kirchoff's law
38
Energy remains constant in a system and can neither be created or destroyed but changes from one form to the other
Law of conservation of energy
39
In chemical changes, matter is neither created nor destroyed. The sum total of the masses of all the products of a chemical change is exactly equal to the sum total of the substances from which these products have been formed
Law of conservation of matter
40
The rate of any given chemical reaction is proprortional to the product of activites (or concentrations) of the reactants.
Law of mass action
41
States that a system at equilibrium will oppose any change in the equilibrium conditions.
Le Chatlier's principle
42
States that a system at equilibrium will oppose any change in the equilibrium conditions.
Le Chatlier's principle
43
When an electric current is induced by a change in magnetic field, the induced current is always in such a direction that its magnetic field opposes the change of field which causes the induction
Lenz's Law
44
The rate at which a body cools or loses its heat to its surroundings is proportional to the excess of mean temperature of the body over that of the surroundings, provided this temperature excess is not too large
NEWTON'S LAW OF COOLING
45
The current through a conductor is directly proportional the potential difference across the conductor and inversely proportional to its resistance. The resistance of a metallic conductor does not change with the potential difference provided that the temperature remains the same. The current in a conductor at constant temperature is proportional to the voltage between its ends
Ohm's Law (George Simon Ohm)
46
The pressure exerted in a liquid is transmitted equally in all directions
Pascals law (Blaise Pascal)
47
A principle in fluid mechanicswhich states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure variations (initial differences) remain the same.
Pascal's law or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure (Blaise Pascal (Fr))
48
No two electrons may have the same set of four quantum numbers
Pauli's Exclusion Principle (Wolfgan Pauli)
49
This effect occurs when matter emits electrons upon exposure to electromagnetic radiation, such as photons of light.
Photoelectric Effect (Albert Einstein)
50
At constant volume Pressure is inversely proportional to temperature
Pressure Law
51
1905 principle states that all inertially frames are equally good for carrying out experiments
Principle of relativity (Albert Einstein)
52
Energy is not transferred continuously but in discrete amounts
Quantum Theory (Max Plank)
53
At the antidode disturbance is constructive
Wave theory
54
The efect of splitting atomic energy levels by the presense of a magnetic field
Zeeman effect
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