learning+language

Question 1

spoken or written words combined to convey meaning

Answer 1

language

Question 2

basic speech sounds for ALL humans

Answer 2

phones

Question 3

basic speech sounds for a language

Answer 3

phonemes

Question 4

speech sounds in meaningful units within a language (syllables or words)

Answer 4

morphemes

Question 5

rules for word order in sentences

Answer 5

syntax

Question 6

injury leading to impairment of language

Answer 6

aphasia

Question 7

Whorf’s theory that language determines the way we think (we can’t think things we don’t have a word for)

Answer 7

language determinism

Question 8

process of acquiring (relatively) permanent information

Answer 8

learning

Question 9

learning occurs, but it isn’t visible until the behavior is rewarded

Answer 9

latent learning

Question 10

gaining understanding and insight after sitting and thinking about a problem

Answer 10

discovery learning

Question 11

learning by watching and imitating others

Answer 11

social learning

Question 12

when a human/animal stops avoiding punishment and no longer gives a behavior (giving up)

Answer 12

learned helplessness

Question 13

forming an association between a neutral stimulus and a behavior (pavlov’s dogs)

Answer 13

classical conditioning

Question 14

part of cc- doesn’t elicit a response when presented (bell sound)

Answer 14

neutral stimulus

Question 15

part of cc- naturally elicits a response before conditioning (food=saliva)

Answer 15

unconditioned stimulus

Question 16

part of cc- happens after the unconditioned stimulus without learning (saliva from food)

Answer 16

unconditioned response

Question 17

part of cc- elicits a response because of pattern/learning (saliva from bell)

Answer 17

conditioned stimulus

Question 18

form of cc- having a greater amount of time between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 18

delay conditioning

Question 19

form of cc- having the unconditioned stimulus at regular time intervals instead of having a neutral stimulus

Answer 19

temporal conditioning

Question 20

after extinction occurs, reconditioning takes less time

Answer 20

savings

Question 21

when the relationship between the NS and the UCS is forgotten

Answer 21

extinction

Question 22

when CR is remembered out of the blue

Answer 22

spontaneous recovery

Question 23

an inability to tell the difference between similar stimuli (dogs react to all bells)

Answer 23

stimulus generalization

Question 24

behavior is strengthened with rewards or diminished with punishers (skinner)

Answer 24

operant conditioning

Question 25

part of oc- behaviors increase with a reward and decrease with a punisher

Answer 25

law of effect

Question 26

part of oc- behavior is increased by increasing a desirable stimulus

Answer 26

positive reinforcement

Question 27

part of oc- behavior is increased by decreasing a negative stimulus

Answer 27

negative reinforcement

Question 28

part of oc- behavior is decreased by increasing a negative stimulus

Answer 28

positive punishment

Question 29

part of oc- behavior is decreased by decreasing a negative stimulus

Answer 29

negative punishment

Question 30

rewarding "successive approximations of behavior" or rewarding small to big

Answer 30

shaping

Question 31

form of oc- rewarding after a set number of behaviors

Answer 31

fixed ratio

Question 32

form of oc- rewarding after a varying number of behaviors

Answer 32

variable ratio

Question 33

form of oc- rewarding after a set time interval

Answer 33

fixed interval

Question 34

form of oc- rewarding after a varying time interval

Answer 34

variable interval

Question 35

species' response due to a change in environment

Answer 35

reflexes

Question 36

preprogrammed behaviors for a species

Answer 36

instincts

Question 37

damage to this area leads to an inability of speech

Answer 37

broca's area

Question 38

damage to this area leads to an inability of syntax

Answer 38

wernicke's area

Question 39

the foundation of conditioning- learning by linking events

Answer 39

association

Question 40

innately predisposed to form associations between stimuli and responses

Answer 40

biological preparedness

Question 41

innate tendencies that make learning easier

Answer 41

learning predisposition

Question 42

developing a phobia of an event or stimulus that was historically dangerous

Answer 42

fear conditioning

Question 43

associating the taste of a food with illness

Answer 43

taste aversion

Question 44

the process of cc while learning is occurring

Answer 44

acquisition

Question 45

eating food, then feeling sick and not wanting to eat again

Answer 45

garcia effect

Question 46

(ineffective) form of cc- the UCS happens before the NS

Answer 46

backwards conditioning

Question 47

a reinforcer that is necessary for survival (food)

Answer 47

primary reinforcement

Question 48

a reinforcer that has a learned value (money, praise)

Answer 48

conditioned/ secondary reinforcement

Question 49

using high probability behaviors to reinforce low probability ones (eating vegetables before getting dessert)

Answer 49

premack principle

Question 50

form of oc- rewarding every time behavior occurs

Answer 50

continuous reinforcement

Question 51

form of oc- rewarding only some of the time (less likely to extinct)

Answer 51

partial reinforcement