What is Transcription
A Biological Process where information from DNA is converted into RNA
What does transcription involve
Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by a protein RNA polymerase
What does it mean by a gene expressed
That it has been transcribed and translated
What is mRNA (Messenger)
Encodes a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
What is ribosomal RNA
Helps in the formation of large and small ribosomal subunits
What is tRNA
Carries amino acids to ribosomes and binds to mRNA by complementary base pairing
What is small Nuclear RNA
Forms spliceosomes, found in eukaryotic nuclei
What is miRNA
Regulatory RNA that functions by base pairing with certain mRNA, altering stability and the efficacy of translation
What are siRNA
Regulate mRNA stability and translation
What is Telomerase RNA
acts as a template to maintain and elongate telomere length.
What can RNA be
An intermediate for information exchange between DNA and protein, a modifier of gene expression, and an enzyme that works with protein
How do RNA and DNA differ
DNA is more stable than RNA. DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil, DNA has deoxyribose and RNA has ribose sugar.
What is the promoter
A region of DNA that lies upstream of a gene, bound by RNA polymerase
What are the steps of transcription in bacteria
Promotor recognition, transcription initiation, chain elongation, and chain termination.
What are the two ways transcription is ended in bacteria
Intrinsic and rho-dependent
What is transcription in Bacteria
In the cytoplasm, RNA polymerase binds directly to the promoter; the mRNA is not sliced before translation, no introns.
Transcription In Eukaryotes
In the nucleus, more diverse promoter sequences make mRNA processed before translation, RNA has exons and introns, DNA is associated with chromatin, and RNA is more stable.
