Obligate aerobe oxygen requirement
Requires atmospheric O2
Why does Obligate aerobe need oxygen?
It generates energy by respiration
Microareophile oxygen requirement
Requires 2-10%of O2
Facultative anaerobe oxygen requirement
Does not require o2
But grows better in its presence
Aerotolerant anaerobe oxygen requirement
Grows equally is presence and absence of o2
Obligate anaerobe oxygen requirement
Killed by o2
How does obligate anaerobe maintain energy?
By fermenting sugar
Example of gram-positive bacilli with terminal spores
Clostridium tetani
Example of intracellular gram-neg diplococci
Neisseria gonorrhoea
How is treponema pallidum detected?
- Direct fluorescent antibody test
- Dark field microscopy
How is mycobacterim tuberculosis detected?
- auramine stain
- Ziehl-Neelsen stain
example of bacteria that has more than 1 chromosome
vibrio cholerae
plasmids replicate independently of
host chromosome
r plasmids encode
antibiotic resistance genes
col plasmids encode
bacteriocins (which inhibit growth of other bacteria)
conjugative plasmids encode
sex pilli
what genes do plasmids carry for bacteria?
not essential but useful to certain environments
2 ways that genetic variation occurs?
- vertical inheritance from random mutations
- horizontal gene transfer
random mutations are __________ frequency
low
2 types of random mutations
- point mutation - change of single nucleotide
- DNA rearrangement - insertion, deletion, inversion
bacterial transformation
DNA transfer
bacterial transduction
phage transfer
bacterial genes are important for?
- virulence
- antimicrobial resistance
- vaccinations (antigens)
bacterial genomics are used for?
- molecular epidemiology (outbreaks and strains)
- genetic engineering
